Reconstruction:Proto-Semitic/ṯ̣urr-

This Proto-Semitic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Semitic

Alternative reconstructions

*ṯ̣ūr-

Noun

*ṯ̣urr- m or f

barrow, crag
flint

Inflection

Declension of *ṯ̣urr-
case	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*ṯ̣urrum	*ṯ̣urrāna	plural stem + *-ūna
accusative	*ṯ̣urram	*ṯ̣urrayna	plural stem + *-īna
genitive	*ṯ̣urrim	*ṯ̣urrayna	plural stem + *-īna

possessive forms
1^st person	ṯ̣urrī / ṯ̣urrVya	—	*ṯ̣urrVni
2^nd person m	*ṯ̣urrVka	ṯ̣urrVkumā / ṯ̣urrVkumay	*ṯ̣urrVkum(ū)
2^nd person f	*ṯ̣urrVki	ṯ̣urrVkumā / ṯ̣urrVkumay	*ṯ̣urrVkin(ā)
3^rd person m	*ṯ̣urrVšu	ṯ̣urrVšumā / ṯ̣urrVšumay	*ṯ̣urrVšum(ū)
3^rd person f	*ṯ̣urrVša	ṯ̣urrVšumā / ṯ̣urrVšumay	*ṯ̣urrVšin(ā)

the endings -m and -na are dropped in the bound form, which may also undergo syncopation of an unstressed final vowel where possible. Note: the ending -V before the possessive endings responds to case: *ṯ̣urruya for nom. case, *ṯ̣urriya for gen. case, *ṯ̣urraya for acc. case, etc.

Descendants

East Semitic:
- Akkadian: 𒎎𒅗 (ṣurrum)
West Semitic:
- Central Semitic:
  - Ancient North Arabian:
    - Arabic: ظُرَر (ẓurar), ظُرَرَة (ẓurara), ظِرّ (ẓirr)
    - Safaitic: 𐪜𐪇 (ẓr), 𐪜𐪇𐪗 (ẓrṭ)
  - Northwest Semitic:
    - Aramaic:
    Hebrew script: טוּרָא (ṭūrā)
    
    Syriac script: ܛܘܪܐ (ṭūrā)
    
    ⇒ Classical Syriac: ܛܲܪܵܢܵܐ (ṭarrānā)
    - Canaanite:
      - Hebrew: צֹר (ṣōr), צוּר (ṣūr)
- Old South Arabian:
  - Sabaean: 𐩼𐩥𐩧 (ẓwr), 𐩼𐩧 (ẓr)

References

Kogan, Leonid (2011) “Proto-Semitic Phonetics and Phonology”, in Weninger, Stefan, editor, The Semitic Languages. An International Handbook (Handbücher zur Sprach- und Kommunikationswissenschaft – Handbooks of Linguistics and Communication Science; 36), Berlin: De Gruyter, →ISBN, page 95
Kogan, Leonid (2011) “Proto-Semitic Lexicon”, in Weninger, Stefan, editor, The Semitic Languages. An International Handbook (Handbücher zur Sprach- und Kommunikationswissenschaft – Handbooks of Linguistics and Communication Science; 36), Berlin: De Gruyter, →ISBN, page 190
Müller, Walter W. (1971) “Willard Gurdon Oxtoby: Some Inscriptions of the Safaitic Beduin. American Oriental Series, Volume 50. New Haven, Connecticut 1968. VIII + 172 S., 22 Tafeln. 8°”, in Die Welt des Orients‎ (in German), volume 6, page 135