Reconstruction:Proto-Sino-Tibetan/ŋul ~ (d-)ŋur

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 This Proto-Sino-Tibetan entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Sino-Tibetan

Etymology

  • Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *dngjɨul (Coblin, 1986)
    • Proto-Tibeto-Burman: *ŋul = *(d-)ŋur (Matisoff, STEDT); *ŋul (Chou, 1972); *d-ŋul (LaPolla, 1987)

Noun

*ŋul ~ (d-)ŋur

Silver.
  1. silver

Descendants

  • Old Chinese: 銀／银 (yín) /*ŋrən/ (B-S), /*ŋrɯn/ (ZS) ("silver; money")
    • Middle Chinese: 銀／银 (yín) /ŋɣiɪn/
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**:

→ Japanese: 銀 (ぎん, ​gin)
Korean: 은 (銀, eun)
Vietnamese: ngân (銀)

    • → Thai: เงิน (ngən, “silver, money”)
      Lao: ເງິນ (ngœn, “silver, money”)

      • Modern Mandarin
        • Beijing: 銀／银 (yín) (yín, /in³⁵/)
      • Cantonese
        • Guangzhou: 銀／银 (yín) /ŋɐn²¹/
      • Wu
        • Shanghai: 銀／银 (ȵɪ̆ɲ²³)
    • Min
      • Min Nan
        • Taiwan: 銀／银 (yín) /ɡin²⁴/, /ɡun²⁴/
  • Kamarupan
    • Proto-Kuki-Chin: *ŋuun (VanBik, 2009)
      • Central Chin
        • Lushai : ngûn (“name of a bracelet, tendril”)
  • Himalayish
    • Tibeto-Kanauri
      • Bodic
        • Tibetan
          • Written Tibetan: དངུལ (dngul, “silver; money”), མངུལ (mngul, “silver”) (variant, western Tibetan dialects)
  • Tangut-Qiang
    • Northern Tangut
      • Tangut: 𘊟 (*ŋwo², “silver”)
    • rGyalrongic
  • Lolo-Burmese-Naxi
    • Lolo-Burmese
      • Burmish
        • Written Burmese: ငွေ (ngwe, “silver; money”)
      • Proto-Loloish: *C-ŋwe¹ (“silver”) (Bradley, 1979)

See also

  • *plu (“white, silver, money”)
  • *tsjak (“red, blood, gold”)
  • *grəj (“copper”)
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