Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/ščedrъ
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This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Slavic
Etymology
Unclear. Has been compared with Latvian šķeders (“shredded”), Lithuanian kãdaras (“shred, scrap”), kedė́ti (“to rupture, to split”), skedervà (“splinter”). Formally matches Ancient Greek σκεθρός (skethrós, “scant”), however, potential relation is considered dubious (on semantic basis) by Vasmer.
If not for the circumflex intonation, could be akin to Ancient Greek σκεδάννυμι (skedánnumi), σκεδάω (skedáō, “to disperse”), possibly Proto-West Germanic *skatrōn (“to shatter”), perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kedh₂- (“to shred, to split apart”) + *-rъ. If correct, could be related to Proto-Slavic *ščęděti (“to spare”) (compare doubletive Ukrainian ща́дрий (ščádryj, “bountiful”) < *ščędrъ).
Adjective
*ščedrъ[1]
Declension
Indefinite declension of *ščedrъ (hard)
| singular | masculine | feminine | neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | *ščedrъ | *ščedra | *ščedro |
| genitive | *ščedra | *ščedry | *ščedra |
| dative | *ščedru | *ščedrě | *ščedru |
| accusative | *ščedrъ | *ščedrǫ | *ščedro |
| instrumental | *ščedromь | *ščedrojǫ | *ščedromь |
| locative | *ščedrě | *ščedrě | *ščedrě |
| vocative | *ščedre | *ščedro | *ščedro |
| dual | masculine | feminine | neuter |
| nominative | *ščedra | *ščedrě | *ščedrě |
| genitive | *ščedru | *ščedru | *ščedru |
| dative | *ščedroma | *ščedrama | *ščedroma |
| accusative | *ščedra | *ščedrě | *ščedrě |
| instrumental | *ščedroma | *ščedrama | *ščedroma |
| locative | *ščedru | *ščedru | *ščedru |
| vocative | *ščedra | *ščedrě | *ščedrě |
| plural | masculine | feminine | neuter |
| nominative | *ščedri | *ščedry | *ščedra |
| genitive | *ščedrъ | *ščedrъ | *ščedrъ |
| dative | *ščedromъ | *ščedramъ | *ščedromъ |
| accusative | *ščedry | *ščedry | *ščedra |
| instrumental | *ščedry | *ščedrami | *ščedry |
| locative | *ščedrěxъ | *ščedraxъ | *ščedrěxъ |
| vocative | *ščedri | *ščedry | *ščedra |
Definite declension of *ščedrъ (hard)
| singular | masculine | feminine | neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | *ščedrъjь | *ščedraja | *ščedroje |
| genitive | *ščedrajego | *ščedryję̇ | *ščedrajego |
| dative | *ščedrujemu | *ščedrěji | *ščedrujemu |
| accusative | *ščedrъjь | *ščedrǫjǫ | *ščedroje |
| instrumental | *ščedryjimь | *ščedrǫjǫ | *ščedryjimь |
| locative | *ščedrějemь | *ščedrěji | *ščedrějemь |
| vocative | *ščedrъjь | *ščedraja | *ščedroje |
| dual | masculine | feminine | neuter |
| nominative | *ščedraja | *ščedrěji | *ščedrěji |
| genitive | *ščedruju | *ščedruju | *ščedruju |
| dative | *ščedryjima | *ščedryjima | *ščedryjima |
| accusative | *ščedraja | *ščedrěji | *ščedrěji |
| instrumental | *ščedryjima | *ščedryjima | *ščedryjima |
| locative | *ščedruju | *ščedruju | *ščedruju |
| vocative | *ščedraja | *ščedrěji | *ščedrěji |
| plural | masculine | feminine | neuter |
| nominative | *ščedriji | *ščedryję̇ | *ščedraja |
| genitive | *ščedrъjixъ | *ščedrъjixъ | *ščedrъjixъ |
| dative | *ščedryjimъ | *ščedryjimъ | *ščedryjimъ |
| accusative | *ščedryję̇ | *ščedryję̇ | *ščedraja |
| instrumental | *ščedryjimi | *ščedryjimi | *ščedryjimi |
| locative | *ščedryjixъ | *ščedryjixъ | *ščedryjixъ |
| vocative | *ščedriji | *ščedryję̇ | *ščedraja |
Derived terms
- *ščedriti (“to provide generously”)
- *ščedra (action noun)
- *ščedrovati (“to do generousity”)
- *ščedrostь, *ščedrota, *ščedryni (“generosity”)
- *ščedrьcь, *ščedrьnьcь (“golden rain (flower)”) (in West, East Slavic)
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- South Slavic:
- West Slavic:
Further reading
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “ще́дрый”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
- Melnychuk, O. S., editor (2012), “ще́дрий”, in Етимологічний словник української мови [Etymological Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language] (in Ukrainian), volume 6 (У – Я), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka, →ISBN, page 502
- Young, Steven (2008) “Winter’s law and etymologies, with special reference to Lithuanian”, in Baltistica, volume 43, pages 201-215
References
- ^ Olander, Thomas (2001) “ščedrъ ščedra ščedro”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List, Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “b (SA 123; PR 136)”