Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/-ežь

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This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

According to Matasović, the origin of the suffix is unclear. He dismisses an old theory due to Vaillant for borrowing ultimately from Vulgar Latin -āgium, because there are not any loanwords in proto-Slavic which display this suffix.

Suffix

*-ežь m

  1. Deverbal, forming action nouns.
    From verbs ending in -C-
    */padti/ > *pasti (to fall)*padežь (fall)
    */mętti/ > *męsti (to mix)*mętežь (chaos, confusion)
    *sluti (to utter)*slovežь (utterance)
    *orsti (to grow, to rise)*orstežь (growth)
    From verbs ending in -i-
    *grabiti (to grab, to seize)*grabežь (grabbing)
    *paliti (to ignite, to set on fire)*paležь (arson)
    From verbs ending in -a-
    *drapati (to scratch)*drapežь (plunder)
    *čьrtati (to draw)*čьrtežь (sketch)
  2. Deadjectival, forming abstract or agent nouns.
    *moldъ (young)*moldežь (youth)

Usage notes

  • Usually it's not used with roots ending in g/k/x/s/z.
  • Words derived with *-ežь sometimes have pejorative connotation.

Declension

Alternative forms

Derived terms

Descendants

  • East Slavic:
    • Old East Slavic: -ежь (-ežĭ)
  • South Slavic:
    • Old Church Slavonic:
      Old Cyrillic script: -єжь (-ežĭ)
      Glagolitic script: -ⰵⰶⱐ (-ežĭ)
    • Bulgarian: -еж (-ež)
    • Macedonian: -еж (-ež)
    • Serbo-Croatian:
      Cyrillic script: -еж
      Latin script: -ež
    • Slovene: -ež
  • West Slavic:

Further reading

  • Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1975), “*bodežь”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 2 (*bez – *bratrъ), Moscow: Nauka, page 152
  • Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1980), “*gorěžь”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 7 (*golvačь – *gyžati), Moscow: Nauka, page 43
  • Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1980), “*grabežь”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 7 (*golvačь – *gyžati), Moscow: Nauka, page 96

References

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    Šekli, Matej (2012) “Besedotvorni pomeni samostalniških izpeljank v praslovanščini”, in Philological Studies (in Slovene), volume 10, number 1, Skopje, Perm, Ljubljana, Zagreb, pages 115–32
  • Matasović, Ranko (2014) “*-ežь < *-ezja-”, in Slavic Nominal Word-formation: Proto-Indo-European Origins and Historical Development (Empirie und Theorie der Sprachwissenschaft; 3), Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter, →ISBN, page 130