Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/-ežь

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 This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

    According to Matasović, the origin of the suffix is unclear. He dismisses an old theory due to Vaillant for borrowing ultimately from Vulgar Latin -āgium, because there are not any loanwords in proto-Slavic which display this suffix.

    Suffix

    *-ežь m

    1. Deverbal, forming action nouns.
      From verbs ending in -C-
      */padti/ > *pasti (“to fall”) → *padežь (“fall”)
      */mętti/ > *męsti (“to mix”) → *mętežь (“chaos, confusion”)
      *sluti (“to utter”) → *slovežь (“utterance”)
      *orsti (“to grow, to rise”) → *orstežь (“growth”)
      From verbs ending in -i-
      *grabiti (“to grab, to seize”) → *grabežь (“grabbing”)
      *paliti (“to ignite, to set on fire”) → *paležь (“arson”)
      From verbs ending in -a-
      *drapati (“to scratch”) → *drapežь (“plunder”)
      *čьrtati (“to draw”) → *čьrtežь (“sketch”)
    2. Deadjectival, forming abstract or agent nouns.
      *moldъ (“young”) → *moldežь (“youth”)

    Usage notes

    • Usually it's not used with roots ending in g/k/x/s/z.
    • Words derived with *-ežь sometimes have pejorative connotation.

    Declension

    Declension of *-ežь (soft o-stem)
    singular dual plural
    nominative *-ežь *-eža *-eži
    genitive *-eža *-ežu *-ežь
    dative *-ežu *-ežema *-ežemъ
    accusative *-ežь *-eža *-ežę̇
    instrumental *-ežьmь, *-ežemь* *-ežema *-eži
    locative *-eži *-ežu *-ežixъ
    vocative *-ežu *-eža *-eži

    * -ьmь in North Slavic, -emь in South Slavic.

    Alternative forms

    Derived terms

    Proto-Slavic terms suffixed with *-ežь
    Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/čьrtežь
    Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/grabežь
    Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/mętežь
    Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/moldežь
    Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/padežь
    Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/paležь
    Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/pьrdežь
    Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/platežь
    Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/rǫbežь
    Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/valežь

    Descendants

    • East Slavic:
      • Old East Slavic: -ежь (-ježĭ)
    • South Slavic:
      • Old Church Slavonic:
        Old Cyrillic script: -єжь (-ežĭ)
        Glagolitic script: -ⰵⰶⱐ (-ežĭ)
      • Bulgarian: -еж (-ež)
      • Macedonian: -еж (-ež)
      • Serbo-Croatian:
        Cyrillic script: -еж
        Latin script: -ež
      • Slovene: -ež
    • West Slavic:

    Further reading

    • Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1975), “*bodežь”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков (in Russian), numbers 2 (*bez – *bratrъ), Moscow: Nauka, page 152
    • Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1980), “*gorěžь”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков (in Russian), numbers 7 (*golvačь – *gyžati), Moscow: Nauka, page 43
    • Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1980), “*grabežь”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков (in Russian), numbers 7 (*golvačь – *gyžati), Moscow: Nauka, page 96

    References

    • The template Template:R:sla:Šekli 2012 does not use the parameter(s): 
      text=PSl. *-ež-ь
      Please see Module:checkparams for help with this warning.      Šekli, Matej (2012) “Besedotvorni pomeni samostalniških izpeljank v praslovanščini”, in Philological Studies‎ (in Slovene), volume 10, number 1, Skopje, Perm, Ljubljana, Zagreb, pages 115–32
    • Matasović, Ranko (2014) “*-ežь < *-ezja-”, in Slavic Nominal Word-formation: Proto-Indo-European Origins and Historical Development (Empirie und Theorie der Sprachwissenschaft; 3), Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter, →ISBN, page 130
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