Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/-ostь
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This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Slavic
Alternative forms
- (after soft, palatal consonants): *-estь
Etymology
From Proto-Balto-Slavic *-astis, from Proto-Indo-European *-Hostis. Cognate with Lithuanian -astis. There are several theories of origin:
- Cognate with Hittite (-ašti) (in n (dalugašti-, “length”) < pl (dalugaeš, “long”, adj.)).
- According to Halla-Aho, by double suffixation */-ot-tь/. e.g. *dobrъ → *dobrota → *dobrostь.
Has a reconstructed valence “−” (minus), that is, the accent paradigm c.
Suffix
*-ostь f
- Used with adjectival stems to form abstract nouns; -ness
Declension
Declension of *-ȍstь (i-stem, accent paradigm c)
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | *-ȍstь | *-ȍsti | *-ȍsti |
| genitive | *-ostí | *-ostьjù, *-osťu* | *-ostь̀jь |
| dative | *-ȍsti | *-ostьmà | *-ȍstьmъ |
| accusative | *-ȍstь | *-ȍsti | *-ȍsti |
| instrumental | *-ostьjǫ́ | *-ostьmà | *-ostьmì |
| locative | *-ostí | *-ostьjù, *-osťu* | *-ȍstьxъ |
| vocative | *-osti | *-ȍsti | *-ȍsti |
* The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).
Usage notes
This suffix was used after hard consonants, as opposed to the variant form *-estь that was used with stems ending in a soft, palatal consonant.
Derived terms
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- South Slavic:
- West Slavic:
References
- Witczak, Krzysztof Tomasz (2002), Indo-European abstracta ending with -osti-: the Ossetic evidence, Lingua Posnaniensis 44, p. 175-179
- Vaillant, André (1974), Grammaire comparée des langues slaves, tome IV. Paris, p. 373-377
- Arumaa, Peeter (1985), Urslavische Grammatik, Band III. Heidelberg. p. 46
- Birnbaum, Henrik & Jos Schaeken (1997) Das altkirchenslavische Wort: Bildung - Bedeutung - Herleitung. (Slavistische Beiträge, 348.) München. p.50
- Halla-aho, Jussi (2006) Problems of Proto-Slavic Historical Nominal Morphology: On the Basis of Old Church Slavic (Slavica Helsingiensia; 26), Helsinki: University of Helsinki, page 51
- Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1978), “*dьlgostь”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 5 (*dělo – *dьržьlь), Moscow: Nauka, page 207