Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/cěva
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This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Slavic
Etymology
From Proto-Balto-Slavic *kai-w-aʔ, *śai-w-aʔ, from Proto-Indo-European *koy-w- (Derksen) or *(s)koywā, from *skey- (ЭССЯ).
Baltic cognates include Lithuanian šaivà (“spool”), šeivà (“spool, forearm, shin(-bone)”), Latvian saĩva, saĩve (“bobbin”). Further cognates include Sanskrit अष्ठीवत् (aṣṭhīvat, “shin”) and Proto-Germanic *skinō (“plate, rim”). Cf. also Estonian kääv (“spool”).
Noun
Inflection
Declension of *cě̄và (hard a-stem, accent paradigm b)
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | *cě̄và | *cě̃vě | *cě̄vỳ |
| genitive | *cě̄vỳ | *cě̄vù | *cě̃vъ |
| dative | *cě̄vě̀ | *cě̄vàma | *cě̄vàmъ |
| accusative | *cě̄vǫ̀ | *cě̃vě | *cě̄vỳ |
| instrumental | *cě̄vòjǫ, *cě̃vǫ** | *cě̄vàma | *cě̄vàmī |
| locative | *cě̄vě̀ | *cě̄vù | *cě̄vàsъ, *cě̄vàxъ* |
| vocative | *cěvo | *cě̃vě | *cě̄vỳ |
* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.
** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).
** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).
Derived terms
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- South Slavic:
- West Slavic:
Further reading
- Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1976), “*cěva”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 3 (*bratrьcь – *cьrky), Moscow: Nauka, page 191
References
- ^ Derksen, Rick (2008) “*cě̄và”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 76: “f. ā (b) ‘shin-bone, tube, bobbin, spool’”
- ^ Olander, Thomas (2001) “cěva cěvy”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List, Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “b pipe, bobbin (NA 92, 141; SA 20)”