Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/jьkra

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Meaning of roe is inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic *ikrā́ˀ, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *Hyékʷr̥, from *Hyekʷ-. Cognates include Latvian ikri, Lithuanian ìkras.

*jьkrà f^[1]

1. roe, spawn, caviar
2. calf (back of the leg)

• *jьkro

• *jьkriti (“spawn”)

• East Slavic:
  • Old East Slavic: икра (ikra, “roe, caviar; ice floe”)
    • Old Ruthenian: икра́ (ikrá)
      • Belarusian: ікра́ (ikrá, “caviar, roe”)
      • Carpathian Rusyn: икра́ (ykrá, “caviar, roe”)
      • Ukrainian: ікра́ (ikrá, “caviar, roe; cow udder”)
        • ⇒ Ukrainian: ікри́ця f (ikrýcja, “caviar, roe”) (obsolete, dialectal)
        • ⇒ Ukrainian: гыкра́к m (hykrák, “fish with roe”) (West Polesian dialect)
        • ⇒ Ukrainian: кри́ц’а f (krýcʺa, “hard oily clay; cast iron”) (Boyko dialect)
    • Russian: икра́ (ikrá, “caviar, roe; fine ice floes; calf”); икро́ n (ikró) (dialectal)
      • ⇒ Russian: икри́на f (ikrína), кри́на f (krína, “ice floe”) (dialectal)
      • ⇒ Russian: икри́ца f (ikríca, “calf”), крица f (krica, “ice floe”) (dialectal)
  • ⇒ Old East Slavic: кра f (kra, “ice floe, thin ice on the river”) (via contraction)
    • ⇒ Old Ruthenian: кри́га (kríha, “ice floe”)
      • Belarusian: кры́га (krýha)
        • → Polish: kryha
      • Carpathian Rusyn: кри́га (krýha, “ice”)
      • Ukrainian: кри́га (krýha, “ice”)
        • → Slovak: kryha
      • → Russian: кри́га (kríga), кры́га (krýga) (dialectal)
    • Russian: кра f (kra, “ice floe”) (archaic)
  • Old Novgorodian: ікра (ikra)
• South Slavic:
  • Old Church Slavonic:

    Old Cyrillic script: икра (ikra)

    Glagolitic script: ⰻⰽⱃⰰ (ikra)

    • Bulgarian: и́кра (íkra); и́кро n (íkro) (dialectal)
    • Church Slavonic: икра (ikra) (Russian)
  • Macedonian: икра (ikra)
  • Serbo-Croatian:

    Cyrillic script: и̏кра

    Latin script: ȉkra

    ⇒ Cyrillic script: и̏крица (“one egg (roe)”) (diminutive)

    ⇒ Latin script: ȉkrica (“one egg (roe)”) (diminutive)

  • Slovene: íkra (“roe; scales”)
    • ⇒ Slovene: íkrica (“spangle”) (diminutive)
• West Slavic:
  • Old Czech: kra (“lump, clod”)
    • Czech: jikra; ikra (“roe”), ikro n (“calf”), jikro n (dialectal); kra (“ice floe”)
  • Kashubian: jikro; kro
  • Polabian: jåkră
  • Old Polish: ikro n
    • Polish: ikra f; ikro n, kro n; kra f (“ice floe”); ’ikrᵘ̯o (“roe; calf”) (dialectal)
      • ⇒ Polish: krzyca f (“rye variety”)
  • Slovak: ikra; ikro (“calf”) (dialectal)
  • Sorbian:
    • Lower Sorbian: jark m
    • Upper Sorbian: jikra f, jerk m

• → Hungarian: ikra
• → Romanian: icre
• → Japanese: イクラ

• Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1981), “*jьkra / *jьkro”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 8 (*xa – *jьvьlga), Moscow: Nauka, page 217
• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “икра́”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress