Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/kľučiti

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From *kľùka (“hook”) +‎ *-iti or *kľúčь (“key”) +‎ *-iti.

Verb

*kľùčiti or *kľučìti impf^[1]^[2]^[3]

lock

Conjugation

AP a is reflected by Slovene, Czech and as an alternative in Serbo-Croatian, while the other Serbo-Croatian alternative, and Old Russian, point to c.

Conjugation of *kľučiti, *kľuči, *kľučitь (impf., -i-, s-aorist, accent paradigm a)

Verbal noun	Infinitive	Supine	L-participle
*kľučenьje	*kľučiti	*kľučitъ	*kľučilъ

	Participles
Tense	Past	Present
Passive	*kľučenъ	*kľučimъ
Active	*kľučь	*kľučę

	Aorist			Present
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*kľučixъ	*kľuči	*kľuči	*kľučǫ	*kľučiši	*kľučitь
Dual	*kľučixově	*kľučista	*kľučiste	*kľučivě	*kľučita	*kľučite
Plural	*kľučixomъ	*kľučiste	*kľučišę	*kľučimъ	*kľučite	*kľučętь
	Imperfect			Imperative
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*kľučaaxъ	*kľučaaše	*kľučaaše	—	*kľuči	*kľuči
Dual	*kľučaaxově	*kľučaašeta	*kľučaašete	*kľučivě	*kľučita	—
Plural	*kľučaaxomъ	*kľučaašete	*kľučaaxǫ	*kľučimъ	*kľučite	—

(*)*kľučivъ is a later doublet of the past active participle

Conjugation of *kľučiti, *kľuči, *kľučitь (impf., -i-, s-aorist, accent paradigm c)

Verbal noun	Infinitive	Supine	L-participle
*kľučenьje	*kľučiti	*kľučitъ	*kľučilъ

	Participles
Tense	Past	Present
Passive	*kľučenъ	*kľučimъ
Active	*kľučь	*kľučę

	Aorist			Present
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*kľučixъ	*kľuči	*kľuči	*kľučǫ	*kľučiši	*kľučitь
Dual	*kľučixově	*kľučista	*kľučiste	*kľučivě	*kľučita	*kľučite
Plural	*kľučixomъ	*kľučiste	*kľučišę	*kľučimъ	*kľučite	*kľučętь
	Imperfect			Imperative
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*kľučaaxъ	*kľučaaše	*kľučaaše	—	*kľuči	*kľuči
Dual	*kľučaaxově	*kľučaašeta	*kľučaašete	*kľučivě	*kľučita	—
Plural	*kľučaaxomъ	*kľučaašete	*kľučaaxǫ	*kľučimъ	*kľučite	—

(*)*kľučivъ is a later doublet of the past active participle

Descendants

South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic: ключити (ključiti)
- Serbo-Croatian:
  Cyrillic script: кљу̀чити, кљу̏чити
  
  Latin script: kljùčiti, kljȕčiti
- Slovene: kljúčiti (tonal orthography)
West Slavic:
- Old Czech: kľúčiti^[4]
  - Czech: klíčiti (“to deject”) (rare)^[5]
- Kashubian: klëczëc
- Polish: zakluczyć, odkluczyć
- Slovak: kľučati

References

^ Derksen, Rick (2008) “*kļučiti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 226: “v. ‘lock’”
^ Olander, Thomas (2001) “ključiti: ključjǫ ključitь”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List‎, Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “c låse (PR 140)”
^ Snoj, Marko (2016) “kljúčiti”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar [Slovenian Etymology Dictionary] (in Slovene), 3rd edition, https://fran.si: “*kl'űčiti”
^ Jan Gebauer (1903–1916) “kľúčiti”, in Slovník staročeský (in Czech), Prague: Česká grafická společnost "unie", Česká akademie císaře Františka Josefa pro vědy, slovesnost a umění
^ “klíčiti”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989

[1] Derksen, Rick (2008) “*kļučiti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 226: “v. ‘lock’”

[2] Olander, Thomas (2001) “ključiti: ključjǫ ključitь”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List‎, Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “c låse (PR 140)”

[3] Snoj, Marko (2016) “kljúčiti”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar [Slovenian Etymology Dictionary] (in Slovene), 3rd edition, https://fran.si: “*kl'űčiti”

[4] Jan Gebauer (1903–1916) “kľúčiti”, in Slovník staročeský (in Czech), Prague: Česká grafická společnost "unie", Česká akademie císaře Františka Josefa pro vědy, slovesnost a umění

[5] “klíčiti”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989

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