Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/kakati

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 This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic *kākā́ˀtei, from Proto-Indo-European *kak(k)-eh₂-yé-ti, from *kakka- (“to defecate”). Baltic cognates include Latvian kākāt, kakāt, Lithuanian kakóti. Other Indo-European cognates include Ancient Greek κακκάω (kakkáō, “to defecate”), κάκκη (kákkē, “dung, excrement”), Latin cacō (“defecate”), cacāre (“to shit”), Old Irish cacc, Middle Irish caccaim, German kacken, Middle English cakken, English cack, Old Armenian քակոր (kʻakor), Middle Armenian քաք (kʻakʻ).

Verb

*kàkati impf

  1. to shit, defecate
    Synonym: *sьràti

Conjugation

Conjugation of *kakati, *kaka, *kakajetь (?, -a-, s-aorist, accent paradigm ?)
Suffix: *-ati
Verbal noun Infinitive Supine L-participle
*kakanьje *kakati *kakatъ *kakalъ
Participles
Tense Past Present
Passive *kakanъ *kakajemъ
Active *kakavъ *kakaję
Aorist Present
Person 1st 2nd 3rd 1st 2nd 3rd
Singular *kakaxъ *kaka *kaka *kakajǫ *kakaješi *kakajetь
Dual *kakaxově *kakasta *kakaste *kakajevě *kakajeta *kakajete
Plural *kakaxomъ *kakaste *kakašę *kakajemъ *kakajete *kakajǫtь
Imperfect Imperative
Person 1st 2nd 3rd 1st 2nd 3rd
Singular *kakaaxъ *kakaaše *kakaaše — *kakaji *kakaji
Dual *kakaaxově *kakaašeta *kakaašete *kakajivě *kakajita —
Plural *kakaaxomъ *kakaašete *kakaaxǫ *kakajimъ *kakajite —

Related terms

Descendants

Further reading

  • Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1983), “*kakati”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 9 (*jьz – *klenьje), Moscow: Nauka, page 117
  • Melnychuk, O. S., editor (1985), “ка́кати”, in Етимологічний словник української мови [Etymological Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language] (in Ukrainian), volumes 2 (Д – Копці), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka, page 344
  • Rudnyc'kyj, Ja. (1972–1982) “ка́кати”, in An Etymological Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language, volumes 2 (Д – Ь), Ottawa: Ukrainian Mohylo-Mazepian Academy of Sciences; Ukrainian Language Association, →LCCN, page 607
  • Georgiev, Vladimir I., editor (1979), “ка́кам”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volumes 2 (и – крепя̀), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pubg. House, page 150
  • Snoj, Marko (2016) “kākati”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar [Slovenian Etymology Dictionary] (in Slovene), 3rd edition, https://fran.si: “*ka̋kati”
  • Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “ка́кать”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
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