Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/kobyla
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This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Slavic
Etymology
From Early Proto-Slavic *kabūlā, further likely originating from the Balkans or Anatolia. Most likely borrowed from Thracian *kabūlā (“mare, horse”), whence the toponym Κᾰβῠ́λη (Kăbŭ́lē, “Cabyle”) in ancient Thrace. Further associated with the names of the mountain Κῠ́βελᾰ (Kŭ́belă) in Anatolia and the Phrygian Mother of the Gods Κῠβέλη (Kŭbélē, “Cybele”), also called Κῠβέλεια Μήτηρ (Kŭbéleia Mḗtēr, “Mountain Mother”) and seems to have been designated in the Mycenaean Greek Pylos texts as 𐀡𐀴𐀛𐀊 𐀂𐀤𐀊 (po-ti-ni-ja i-qe-ja, “lady of horses”). Phrygian (*kubela) probably meant “mountain; mountain horse”, a kind of Asia Minor cultural calque; compare “horse” in Hittite 𒀲𒆳𒊏𒍑 (ANŠE.KUR.RA-us /*ekkus/) literally “mountain donkeys” < 𒀲 (anše, “donkey; equid”) + 𒆳𒊏 (kur-ra /kurak/, “of the mountain”). Thracian and Phrygian have different vowels of the suffix (*-ula : *-ela) and the root < *kaub- : *kub-.
Cognate with Ancient Greek κᾰβᾰ́λλης (kăbắllēs, “nag”), Latin caballus (“pack-horse”), Proto-Celtic *kaballos (“horse”) and Swabian Kōb (“nag”).
Noun
Declension
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | *kobỳla | *kobỳlě | *kobỳly |
| genitive | *kobỳly | *kobỳlu | *kobỳlъ |
| dative | *kobỳlě | *kobỳlama | *kobỳlamъ |
| accusative | *kobỳlǫ | *kobỳlě | *kobỳly |
| instrumental | *kobỳlojǫ, *kobỳlǭ** | *kobỳlama | *kobỳlamī |
| locative | *kobỳlě | *kobỳlu | *kobỳlasъ, *kobỳlaxъ* |
| vocative | *kobỳlo | *kobỳlě | *kobỳly |
* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.
** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).
Derived terms
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- South Slavic:
- West Slavic:
- Non-Slavic:
- → Romanian: cobilă
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1983), “*kobyla”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков (in Russian), numbers 10 (*klepačь – *konь), Moscow: Nauka, page 93
- ^ Shaposhnikov, A. K. (2010) “кобы́ла”, in Этимологический словарь современного русского языка (in Russian), volumes 1: (А – Начальство), Moscow: Flinta; Nauka, →ISBN, page 405
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Melnychuk, O. S., editor (1985), “кобила”, in Етимологічний словник української мови (in Ukrainian), volume 2 (Д – Копці), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka, page 476
Further reading
- Melnychuk, O. S., editor (1985), “кобила”, in Етимологічний словник української мови (in Ukrainian), volume 2 (Д – Копці), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka, page 476
- Martynaŭ, V. U., editor (1988), “кабы́ла”, in Этымалагічны слоўнік беларускай мовы (in Belarusian), volumes 4 (К – ка́ята), Minsk: Navuka i technika, page 12
- Trubachyov, Oleg (1960) Происхождение названий домашних животных в славянских языках (in Russian), Moscow: USSR Academy of Sciences Publishing House, page 52: “Слав. kobyla ― Slav. kobyla”
- Shansky, N. M., editor (1982), “кобы́ла”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка (in Russian), volume 2, number 8 (К), Moscow: Moscow University Press, page 178
- Vasmer, Max (1967) “кобы́ла”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка (in Russian), volumes 2 (Е – Муж), Moscow: Progress, page 269
- Preobrazhensky, A. G. (1910–1914) “кобы́ла”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка (in Russian), volumes 1 (А – О), numbers 1–9, Moscow: G. Lissner & D. Sobko Publishing House, page 325