Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/kortъ

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Substantivized neuter^[1] of Proto-Balto-Slavic *kártas (“localized, concise”) (attested in adjectival form as a part of compounds), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ker- (“to cut”). Cognate with Lithuanian kar̃tas (“time, occurrence”) (plural kartaĩ), kartà (“layer, row”) (acc. kar̃tą), Latvian kā̀rtа (“layer, row”) and further related to Sanskrit सकृत् (sakṛ́t, “once”), कृत्वस् pl (kṛ́tvas, “times, occurrences”), Avestan 𐬵𐬀𐬐𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬝 (hakər^ət̰, “once”).

*kõrtъ m^[2][3][4]

1. moment of time, occurence

   Synonym: *razъ

2. (as a part of adverbs) instance

   *kratě ― once

   *dъva, tri kraty ― twice, thrice

   *mъnogo kraty ― multiple times

• *kortьnъ (“discrete”)
• *edьnokortьnъ (“one-time”)

• *kortiti (“to cut short”)
  • *kortežь (“shortage”)
• *kortostь (“brevity”)
• *kortъkъ (“short, brief”)

• South Slavic:
  • Old Church Slavonic: кратъ (kratŭ)
    • → Russian: крат (krat)
  • Bulgarian: крат (krat, “unit of measure”) (dialectal)
  • Serbo-Croatian:

    Cyrillic script: -крат

    Latin script: -krat

  • Slovene: kràt (tonal orthography)
• West Slavic:
  • Czech: krát
  • Polish: -kroć
  • Slovak: -krát
  • Sorbian:
    • Lower Sorbian: -krot
    • Upper Sorbian: -kroć

• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “кра́та”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
• Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1984), “*kortъ”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 11 (*konьcь – *kotьna(ja)), Moscow: Nauka, page 99
• Georgiev, Vladimir I., editor (1979), “крат”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 2 (и – крепя̀), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pubg. House, page 721