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Proto-Slavic
Alternative reconstructions
Etymology
Inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic *píkis, *píkulas, possibly borrowed from Germanic or Latin. Cognate with Old Prussian pyculs (“hell”) (possibly a Polish borrowing) and akin to Latvian piķis (“pitch”), Lithuanian pi̇̀kis (“pitch”) (sometimes considered Germanic borrowings); Ancient Greek πίσσα (píssa, “pitch”), Latin pix (“pitch”).
Most modern descendants reflect meaning “hell, inferno”. This is a semantic loan from cognate Old High German peh (“pitch; misfortune, damnation”).
Noun
*pьkъ̀lъ m
- pitch, resin
- Synonym: *smola
Declension
* -ъmь in North Slavic, -omь in South Slavic.
Derived terms
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: пькълъ (pĭkŭlŭ)
- South Slavic:
- West Slavic:
References
- ^ Olander, Thomas (2001) “pьklъ pьkla”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List, Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “b hell (NA 114)”
- ^ Derksen, Rick (2008) “*pьcьlъ; *pьkъlъ; *pьkъlo”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 426: “(b) ‘pitch, hell’”
- ^ Snoj, Marko (2016) “pekel”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar (in Slovene), 3rd edition, https://fran.si: “Pslovan. *pьkъlъ̏”
Further reading
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “пе́кло”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
- Racheva, M., Todorov, T. A., editors (2002), “пъкъл”, in Български етимологичен речник (in Bulgarian), volume 6 (пỳскам – словàр²), Sofia: Prof. Marin Drinov Pubg. House, →ISBN, page 41
- Gluhak, Alemko (1993) “pakao”, in Hrvatski etimološki rječnik (in Serbo-Croatian), Zagreb: August Cesarec, →ISBN, page 463
- Derksen, Rick (2015) “pikis”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 355