Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/pьrvъ
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This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Slavic
| 10 | ||||
| 1 | 2 → | 10 → | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cardinal: *edinъ Ordinal: *pьrvъ Adverbial: *edino šьdy, *edьnojьťi Multiplier: *edinakъ Collective: *edьnojь | ||||
Etymology
From Proto-Balto-Slavic *pírˀwas, from Proto-Indo-European *pr̥h₂wós or Proto-Indo-European *pr̥h₃wós.
Baltic cognates include Lithuanian pìrmas (“first; primary”), Latvian pìrmaĩs, Old Prussian pirmas (“first”).
Indo-European cognates include Sanskrit पूर्व (pū́rva, “foremost, first, previous”), Avestan 𐬞𐬀𐬎𐬭𐬬𐬀- (paurva-), 𐬞𐬀𐬊𐬎𐬭𐬎𐬫𐬀- (paouruya-), 𐬞𐬀𐬊𐬌𐬭𐬫𐬀 (paoirya, “first”), Old Persian (/paruva-/), Albanian parë (“first”), Tocharian A pärwat, Tocharian B pärweṣṣe (“first”), Old English forwost (“first, (ring)leader”).
Adjective
Declension
Indefinite declension of *pьrvъ (hard)
| singular | masculine | feminine | neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | *pьrvъ | *pьrva | *pьrvo |
| genitive | *pьrva | *pьrvy | *pьrva |
| dative | *pьrvu | *pьrvě | *pьrvu |
| accusative | *pьrvъ | *pьrvǫ | *pьrvo |
| instrumental | *pьrvomь | *pьrvojǫ | *pьrvomь |
| locative | *pьrvě | *pьrvě | *pьrvě |
| vocative | *pьrve | *pьrvo | *pьrvo |
| dual | masculine | feminine | neuter |
| nominative | *pьrva | *pьrvě | *pьrvě |
| genitive | *pьrvu | *pьrvu | *pьrvu |
| dative | *pьrvoma | *pьrvama | *pьrvoma |
| accusative | *pьrva | *pьrvě | *pьrvě |
| instrumental | *pьrvoma | *pьrvama | *pьrvoma |
| locative | *pьrvu | *pьrvu | *pьrvu |
| vocative | *pьrva | *pьrvě | *pьrvě |
| plural | masculine | feminine | neuter |
| nominative | *pьrvi | *pьrvy | *pьrva |
| genitive | *pьrvъ | *pьrvъ | *pьrvъ |
| dative | *pьrvomъ | *pьrvamъ | *pьrvomъ |
| accusative | *pьrvy | *pьrvy | *pьrva |
| instrumental | *pьrvy | *pьrvami | *pьrvy |
| locative | *pьrvěxъ | *pьrvaxъ | *pьrvěxъ |
| vocative | *pьrvi | *pьrvy | *pьrva |
Definite declension of *pьrvъ (hard)
| singular | masculine | feminine | neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | *pьrvъjь | *pьrvaja | *pьrvoje |
| genitive | *pьrvajego | *pьrvyję̇ | *pьrvajego |
| dative | *pьrvujemu | *pьrvěji | *pьrvujemu |
| accusative | *pьrvъjь | *pьrvǫjǫ | *pьrvoje |
| instrumental | *pьrvyjimь | *pьrvǫjǫ | *pьrvyjimь |
| locative | *pьrvějemь | *pьrvěji | *pьrvějemь |
| vocative | *pьrvъjь | *pьrvaja | *pьrvoje |
| dual | masculine | feminine | neuter |
| nominative | *pьrvaja | *pьrvěji | *pьrvěji |
| genitive | *pьrvuju | *pьrvuju | *pьrvuju |
| dative | *pьrvyjima | *pьrvyjima | *pьrvyjima |
| accusative | *pьrvaja | *pьrvěji | *pьrvěji |
| instrumental | *pьrvyjima | *pьrvyjima | *pьrvyjima |
| locative | *pьrvuju | *pьrvuju | *pьrvuju |
| vocative | *pьrvaja | *pьrvěji | *pьrvěji |
| plural | masculine | feminine | neuter |
| nominative | *pьrviji | *pьrvyję̇ | *pьrvaja |
| genitive | *pьrvъjixъ | *pьrvъjixъ | *pьrvъjixъ |
| dative | *pьrvyjimъ | *pьrvyjimъ | *pьrvyjimъ |
| accusative | *pьrvyję̇ | *pьrvyję̇ | *pьrvaja |
| instrumental | *pьrvyjimi | *pьrvyjimi | *pьrvyjimi |
| locative | *pьrvyjixъ | *pьrvyjixъ | *pьrvyjixъ |
| vocative | *pьrviji | *pьrvyję̇ | *pьrvaja |
Derived terms
Related terms
adverb
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- South Slavic:
- West Slavic:
- Old Czech: prvý
- Czech: prvý
- Old Polish: pierwy
- ⇒ Polish: (with addition of the comparative ending -szy) pierwszy, pierwy, pirwszy, najpierwszy, najpirwszy, napierwszy, napirwszy, pierszy, najpierszy, najpirszy, napierszy, napir (Middle Polish), piersy (Near Masovian), pirszy (Middle Polish, Przemyśl)
- Silesian: piyrszy
- Old Slovak: prvý, prvší, pervší
- Polabian: parĕ
- Pomeranian:
- Sorbian:
- Old Czech: prvý
Further reading
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “первый”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
References
- ^ Derksen, Rick (2008) “*pьrvъ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 430: “num. o ‘first’”
- ^ Olander, Thomas (2001) “pьrvъ pьrva pьrvo”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List, Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “c (NA 138); a (PR 133) first”
- ^ Snoj, Marko (2016) “pȓvi”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar [Slovenian Etymology Dictionary] (in Slovene), 3rd edition, https://fran.si: “Pslovan. *pь̋rvъ, *pь̋rvъjь”
- ^ Illich-Svitych, V. M. (1963—2012) “Чешское první «первый» — инновация или архаизм?”, in Этимология 1963, Moscow, pages 81–84