Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/polxъ
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This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Slavic
Etymology 1
Likely originally meaning “hasty, uneasy, anxious” from Proto-Indo-European *pelh₁- (“to sway”) or Proto-Indo-European *pelh₂-, *pelHk- (“to get approached”) + *-xъ. Comparable with Gothic 𐌿𐍃𐍆𐌹𐌻𐌼𐌰 (usfilma, “scared”), Proto-Germanic *felhaną (“to conceal, to hide”).
Adjective
Inflection
Accent paradigm a.
Indefinite declension of *polxъ (hard)
| singular | masculine | feminine | neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | *polxъ | *polxa | *polxo |
| genitive | *polxa | *polxy | *polxa |
| dative | *polxu | *polśě | *polxu |
| accusative | *polxъ | *polxǫ | *polxo |
| instrumental | *polxomь | *polxojǫ | *polxomь |
| locative | *polśě | *polśě | *polśě |
| vocative | *polše | *polxo | *polxo |
| dual | masculine | feminine | neuter |
| nominative | *polxa | *polśě | *polśě |
| genitive | *polxu | *polxu | *polxu |
| dative | *polxoma | *polxama | *polxoma |
| accusative | *polxa | *polśě | *polśě |
| instrumental | *polxoma | *polxama | *polxoma |
| locative | *polxu | *polxu | *polxu |
| vocative | *polxa | *polśě | *polśě |
| plural | masculine | feminine | neuter |
| nominative | *polśi | *polxy | *polxa |
| genitive | *polxъ | *polxъ | *polxъ |
| dative | *polxomъ | *polxamъ | *polxomъ |
| accusative | *polxy | *polxy | *polxa |
| instrumental | *polxy | *polxami | *polxy |
| locative | *polśěxъ | *polxaxъ | *polśěxъ |
| vocative | *polśi | *polxy | *polxa |
Definite declension of *polxъ (hard)
| singular | masculine | feminine | neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | *polxъjь | *polxaja | *polxoje |
| genitive | *polxajego | *polxyję̇ | *polxajego |
| dative | *polxujemu | *polśěji | *polxujemu |
| accusative | *polxъjь | *polxǫjǫ | *polxoje |
| instrumental | *polxyjimь | *polxǫjǫ | *polxyjimь |
| locative | *polśějemь | *polśěji | *polśějemь |
| vocative | *polxъjь | *polxaja | *polxoje |
| dual | masculine | feminine | neuter |
| nominative | *polxaja | *polśěji | *polśěji |
| genitive | *polxuju | *polxuju | *polxuju |
| dative | *polxyjima | *polxyjima | *polxyjima |
| accusative | *polxaja | *polśěji | *polśěji |
| instrumental | *polxyjima | *polxyjima | *polxyjima |
| locative | *polxuju | *polxuju | *polxuju |
| vocative | *polxaja | *polśěji | *polśěji |
| plural | masculine | feminine | neuter |
| nominative | *polśiji | *polxyję̇ | *polxaja |
| genitive | *polxъjixъ | *polxъjixъ | *polxъjixъ |
| dative | *polxyjimъ | *polxyjimъ | *polxyjimъ |
| accusative | *polxyję̇ | *polxyję̇ | *polxaja |
| instrumental | *polxyjimi | *polxyjimi | *polxyjimi |
| locative | *polxyjixъ | *polxyjixъ | *polxyjixъ |
| vocative | *polśiji | *polxyję̇ | *polxaja |
Derived terms
Related terms
- *ploxъ (“plain, simplistic, meek, frivolous”) (probably related to *polxъ via schwebeablaut)
Descendants
- South Slavic:
- Bulgarian: плах (plah)
- Serbo-Croatian:
- Slovene: plȃh (tonal orthography)
- West Slavic:
Further reading
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “плохо́й”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
- Duridanov, I. V., Racheva, M., Todorov, T. A., editors (1996), “плах”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 5 (падѐж – пỳска), Sofia: Prof. Marin Drinov Pubg. House, →ISBN, page 322
References
- ^ Olander, Thomas (2001) “polxъ polxa polxo”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List, Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “a (SA 107)”
- ^ Snoj, Marko (2016) “plah”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar [Slovenian Etymology Dictionary] (in Slovene), 3rd edition, https://fran.si: “Pslovan. *pȏlxъ”
Etymology 2
Substantivation of Etymology 1.
Noun
*polxъ m
Inflection
Declension of *polxъ (hard o-stem)
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | *polxъ | *polxa | *polśi |
| genitive | *polxa | *polxu | *polxъ |
| dative | *polxu | *polxoma | *polxomъ |
| accusative | *polxъ | *polxa | *polxy |
| instrumental | *polxъmь, *polxomь* | *polxoma | *polxy |
| locative | *polśě | *polxu | *polśěxъ |
| vocative | *polše | *polxa | *polśi |
* -ъmь in North Slavic, -omь in South Slavic.
Related terms
- *polxa (“cause for fear”)
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- South Slavic:
Further reading
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “полох”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress