Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/sěverъ

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic *śḗˀweras／*śjáuˀrias. Derksen derives it from *ḱeh₁wer-o-s, Dybo from *(s)ḱyeh₂w- ~ *(s)ḱih₂w- (“north; north wind”). Cognate with Lithuanian šiaurỹs (“north wind”), šiáurė (“north”), šiū́ra (dialectal).

*sě̀verъ m^[1][2][3]

1. north

• East Slavic:
  • Old East Slavic: сѣверъ (sěverŭ)
    • Old Ruthenian: сѣ́веръ (sě́ver)
      • Belarusian: се́вер (sjévjer), сі́вер (sívjer)
      • Carpathian Rusyn: сї́вер (sjíver)
      • Ukrainian: сі́вер (síver)
    • Russian: се́вер (séver)
  • Old Novgorodian: *сивере (*sivere)
    • → Russian: си́вер (síver, “north wind”) (Arkhangelsk dialect)
• South Slavic:
  • Old Church Slavonic:

    Glagolitic script: ⱄⱑⰲⰵⱃⱏ (sěverŭ)

    Old Cyrillic script: сѣверъ (sěverŭ)

    • Bulgarian: се́вер (séver)
    • Macedonian: север (sever)
  • Serbo-Croatian:

    Cyrillic script: се̏ве̄р, сје̏ве̄р

    Latin script: sȅvēr, sjȅvēr

  • Slovene: sẹ́ver (tonal orthography); sẹvər (tonal orthography)
• West Slavic:
  • Old Czech: sěver
    • Czech: sever
      • → Upper Sorbian: sewjer (“north”)
        • → Lower Sorbian: sewjer (“north”)
  • Polish: siewier, Siewiór
  • Slovak: sever
  • Sorbian:
    • Upper Sorbian: sowjer (“high-altitude haze”)

• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “север”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
• Racheva, M., Todorov, T. A., editors (2002), “север”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 6 (пỳскам – словàр²), Sofia: Prof. Marin Drinov Pubg. House, →ISBN, page 573