Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/vьlna
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This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Slavic
Etymology 1
From Proto-Balto-Slavic *wílˀnāˀ, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂wĺ̥h₁neh₂.
Noun
Declension
Declension of *vь̀lna (hard a-stem, accent paradigm a)
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | *vь̀lna | *vь̀lně | *vь̀lny |
| genitive | *vь̀lny | *vь̀lnu | *vь̀lnъ |
| dative | *vь̀lně | *vь̀lnama | *vь̀lnamъ |
| accusative | *vь̀lnǫ | *vь̀lně | *vь̀lny |
| instrumental | *vь̀lnojǫ, *vь̀lnǭ** | *vь̀lnama | *vь̀lnamī |
| locative | *vь̀lně | *vь̀lnu | *vь̀lnasъ, *vь̀lnaxъ* |
| vocative | *vь̀lno | *vь̀lně | *vь̀lny |
* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.
** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).
** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- South Slavic:
- West Slavic:
Further reading
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “волна”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
- Chernykh, P. Ja. (1993) “волна”, in Историко-этимологический словарь русского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), 3rd edition, volume 1 (а – пантомима), Moscow: Russian Lang., →ISBN, page 163
Etymology 2
From Proto-Balto-Slavic *wiln-, from Proto-Indo-European *welH-.
Baltic cognates include Lithuanian vilnìs, vilnià, Latvian vilņa
Indo-European cognates include Sanskrit ऊर्मि (ūrmi, “wave”), Albanian valë, Old High German wella, German Welle, English well, Old Norse vella.
Noun
Declension
Declension of *vьlnà (hard a-stem, accent paradigm c)
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | *vьlnà | *vь̑lně | *vь̑lny |
| genitive | *vьlný | *vьlnù | *vь̃lnъ |
| dative | *vьlně̀ | *vьlnàma | *vьlnàmъ |
| accusative | *vь̑lnǫ | *vь̑lně | *vь̑lny |
| instrumental | *vьlnojǫ́ | *vьlnàma | *vьlnàmi |
| locative | *vь̑lně | *vьlnù | *vьlnàsъ, *vьlnàxъ* |
| vocative | *vьlno | *vь̑lně | *vь̑lny |
* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- South Slavic:
- West Slavic:
References
- ^ Derksen, Rick (2008) “*vь̀lna”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 537: “f. ā (a) ‘wool’”
- ^ Olander, Thomas (2001) “1vьlna vьlny”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List, Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “a wool (NA 132, 143; SA 23, 137, 188; PR 132)”
- ^ Snoj, Marko (2016) “vọ́lna”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar [Slovenian Etymology Dictionary] (in Slovene), 3rd edition, https://fran.si: “*vь̋lna”
- ^ Derksen, Rick (2008) “*vьlnà”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 537: “f. ā (c) ‘wave’”
- ^ Olander, Thomas (2001) “2vьlna”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List, Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “b/c bølge (PR 138)”