Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/welH-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Reconstruction

Also reconstructed without the laryngeal as *wel-.

Root

*welH-

1. to turn, to wind (”to turn coils”)

Derived terms

• *wl̥H-mí-s (“wave”)
  • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *wr̥Hmíš (see there for further descendants)
• Unsorted formations:
  • Proto-Albanian: *walwā
    • Albanian: valle
  • Proto-Albanian: *walā
    • Albanian: valë
  • Armenian:
    • Old Armenian: գելում (gelum), գիլ (gil), գալար (galar), գաղձն (gałjn), գեղձ (gełj), (possibly) գողտր (gołtr)
  • Balto-Slavic:
    • Baltic:
      • Latvian: vēl, velt
      • Lithuanian: vėl, velti
    • Slavic:
      • Russian: вал (val), валить (valitʹ)
  • Proto-Celtic: *walensnā
    • Proto-Brythonic: *gwalenn
      • Middle Breton: goalenn (“green twig”)
        • Breton: gwalenn
  • Proto-Celtic: *welneti
    • Old Irish: fillid
      • Irish: fill, pill
      • Manx: fill
      • Scottish Gaelic: fill
  • Germanic:
    • German: Welle, Walzer, walzen
  • Proto-Germanic: *waluz, *wiligaz, *walwijaną, *wulaną, *wallaną, *walkaną, *walkōną, *walgōną (see there for further descendants)
  • Hellenic:
    • Ancient Greek: ἐλύω (elúō), εἴλω (eílō), εἰλύω (eilúō), ἕλιξ (hélix), εἰλεός (eileós), ἴλη (ílē), ὅλμος (hólmos), ἀολλέες (aollées) (< *sm̥wolnēs), ᾱ̔λής (hālḗs) (< *sm̥wl̥ēs), ᾱ̔λίζω (hālízō), ᾱ̔λία (hālía), ἡλιαία (hēliaía)
  • Proto-Indo-Iranian:
    • Proto-Indo-Aryan:
      • Sanskrit: उल्ब (úlba), उल्व (úlva)
      • Sanskrit: वलय (valaya, “coil”)
      • Sanskrit: वलयति (valayati, “to cause to turn”)
      • Sanskrit: वल्लि (valli, “creeper; winding plant”)
  • Proto-Italic: *wolwumen, *wolwō, *wolgous, *wolwā
    • Latin: valgus, vallis, vallum, valva, volumen, volvō, vulgus, vulva (see there for further descendants)

Further reading

• Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 677
• Pokorny, Julius (1959) “1140ff”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 1140ff