Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/welh₃-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

*welh₃-^[1][2][3]

1. to hit, to strike

• *wélh₃-ti ~ *wl̥h₃-énti (athematic root present)^[4]
  • Anatolian:
    • Hittite: 𒉿𒀠𒄴𒍣 (walḫzi)
• *wl̥-né-h₃-ti ~ *wl̥-n-h₃-énti (nasal-infix present)
  • Proto-Italic: *welnō
    • Latin: vellō
  • Tocharian:
    • Tocharian A: wälläṣtär
• *wolh₃-o-s
  • Proto-Germanic: *walaz (see there for further descendants)
• (perhaps) *welh₃-wr̥-ti- (a derivative of heteroclitic *welh₃-wr̥/-wen-)^[5]
  • Armenian:
    • Old Armenian: գեղարդն (gełardn)
• Unsorted formations:
  • Celtic:
    • *wlannos
      • Middle Irish: flann
        • Irish: flann
        • Scottish Gaelic: flann
    • *wolis (see there for further descendants)
    • *welīsos
      • Proto-Brythonic: *gweli
        • Cornish: goly
        • Middle Breton: goulyow pl
          • Breton: gouli
        • Middle Welsh: gweli
          • Welsh: gweli
  • Proto-Germanic: *welwaną (see there for further descendants)
  • Proto-Germanic: *wala- (“dead”)
    • Old Norse: valr (“fallen in the battlefield”), Valhǫll (“Valhalla”), valkyrja (“Valkyrie”)
  • Hellenic:
    • Ancient Greek: οὐλή (oulḗ)
  • Hellenic:
    • Ancient Greek: ἁλίσκομαι (halískomai)
  • Italic:
    • Latin: vulnus
  • Indo-Iranian:
    • Iranian:
      • Persian: والانه (vâlâne, “wound”) ولانه (valâne, “wound”) (possibly)
  • Proto-Balto-Slavic: *welias, *weliā
    • Baltic:
      • Latvian: veļi
      • Lithuanian: vėlė (“corpse, ghost”)
      • Lithuanian: veliónis (“dead”)
    • Slavic:
      • Czech: válka (“war”)
      • Polish: walka (“fight, combat”)
  • Tocharian:
    • Tocharian A: wäl (“to die”)
    • Tocharian A: walu (“dead one”)