valr

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Old Norse

FWOTD – 24 December 2013

Etymology 1

From Proto-Germanic *walaz (“corpse, body, battlefield”). Cognate with Old English wæl, Old Saxon wal, Old High German wal. Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *welh₃- (“wound, injure”).

Pronunciation

(12th century Icelandic) IPA^(key): /ˈwɑlr̩/

Noun

valr m (genitive vals)

(uncountable, in the singular) the dead, slain in battle
- Sögubrot af Fornkonungum 8, in 1829, C. C. Rafn, Fornaldar sögur Nordrlanda, Volume I. Copenhagen, page 380:
  ok allan þann val, sem fellr á þeima velli, gef ek Óðni.
  
  and all those slain, who shall fall at that field, I shall give unto Odin.

Declension

Declension of *valr* (strong a-stem, singular only)
masculine	singular
masculine	indefinite	definite
nominative	valr	valrinn
accusative	val	valinn
dative	vali	valinum
genitive	vals	valsins

Derived terms

falla í val (“to fall in battle”)
valblóð (“blood, gore”)
valbráð (“venison”)
valdreyri (“blood, gore”)
valdreyrugr (“gory with blood of the slain”)
valdýr (“carrion-beast”)
valdǫgg (“blood”)
valfall (“fall of the slain”)
valfrekr (“greedy for carrion”)
Valfǫðr (“Odin”)
valgaldr (“charms”)
valgammr (“carrion-bird”)
valgjarn (“greedy for carrion”)
valglaumr (“swarm of the slain”)
valgrind (“gates of Valhalla”)
Valhǫll (“Valhalla”)
valkeri (“sword”)
valkjósandi (“Odin”, literally “chooser of the slain”)
valkyrja (“valkyrie”)
valkǫstr (“heap of slain”)
valmær (“valkyrie”)
valrauf, valrof (“spoils”)
valrauðr (“blood-red”)
valsinni (“company of the slain”)
Valtafn (“offering of the slain”)
Valtamr (“Odin”)
valtívi (“god of the slain”)
Valtýr (“Odin”)

Descendants

Icelandic: valur m
Norwegian: val m
Swedish: val c
Danish: val c

Etymology 2

Uncertain. Possibly an ancient borrowing from Proto-Celtic *wolkos (“hawk”).

Noun

valr m (genitive vals, plural valir)

falcon, hawk
- Grágás, in 1829, J. F. W. Schlegel, Hin forna lögbok islendinga sem nefnist Gragas, Volume II. Copenhagen, page 346:
  Vali scal eigi veiþa oc alptir oc gæs oc andir;
  
  Falcons shall not be hunted, nor swans nor geese nor ducks;
- Staraya Ladoga, in 840:
  s Œfi of variðr hali valr Hríms fránmanna grand fimbulsinni plóga.

Declension

Declension of *valr* (strong i-stem, s-genitive)
masculine	singular		plural
masculine	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	valr	valrinn	valir	valirnir
accusative	val	valinn	vali	valina
dative	val	valinum	vǫlum	vǫlunum
genitive	vals	valsins	vala	valanna

Derived terms

valhverfa (“to roll the eyes in the forehead”)
valklif (“hand”)
valkoka (“to roll the eyes in the forehead”)
valveiðr (“hawking”)

Descendants

Icelandic: valur m

Further reading

Richard Cleasby, Guðbrandur Vigfússon (1874) “valr”, in An Icelandic-English Dictionary, 1st edition, Oxford: Oxford Clarendon Press, page 676
Zoëga, Geir T. (1910) “valr”, in A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 468; also available at the Internet Archive

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