Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/vьrtъ
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This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Slavic
Etymology 1
Instance noun of Proto-Slavic *vьrtěti (“to rotate, to turn”), parallel to the o-grade form *vortъ. Cognate with Latin vertex, vortex.
Noun
*vьrtъ m
Declension
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | *vьrtъ | *vьrta | *vьrti |
| genitive | *vьrta | *vьrtu | *vьrtъ |
| dative | *vьrtu | *vьrtoma | *vьrtomъ |
| accusative | *vьrtъ | *vьrta | *vьrty |
| instrumental | *vьrtъmь, *vьrtomь* | *vьrtoma | *vьrty |
| locative | *vьrtě | *vьrtu | *vьrtěxъ |
| vocative | *vьrte | *vьrta | *vьrti |
Derived terms
- *vьrťаti
- *vьrtьcь, *vьrtikъ (diminutive)
- *vьrtъka (“change of direction, turn”)
- *vьrtenь (“turnaround”)
- *vьrtunъ (“fidget, pivot”)
- *vьrtuxa (“whirlwind”)
Related terms
- *vьrtežь (“rotatoion, arcing”)
- *vьrtělь (“revolution, vortex”)
- *vьrtočь (“curl, torsion”)
- *vьrtъpъ (“whirlpool”)
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- ⇒ Russian: кругове́рть f (krugovértʹ)
- South Slavic:
- West Slavic:
- Polish: wart
Further reading
- Georgiev, Vladimir I., editor (1971), “връц”, in Български етимологичен речник (in Bulgarian), volume 1 (А – З), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pubg. House, →ISBN, page 191
Etymology 2
Most likely from Etymology 1 via semantic shift revolution → enclosure → garden, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *wert- (“to turn, to rotate”). Cognate with Tocharian B warto (“garden, enclosure, groove”).
Alternatively, per Brandt, possibly a back-formation from Proto-Germanic *wurtigardiz (whence Gothic 𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍄𐌹𐌲𐌰𐍂𐌳𐍃 (aurtigards), Old English ortġeard), with first element from the oblique stem of Proto-Indo-European *wréh₂ds (“root, plant”). Usually dismissed since corresponding East Slavic descendants exhibit reflexes of Proto-Slavic *vьrtogordъ with root -ь- (rather than expected -ъ-).
Noun
*vьrtъ m
Declension
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | *vьrtъ | *vьrta | *vьrti |
| genitive | *vьrta | *vьrtu | *vьrtъ |
| dative | *vьrtu | *vьrtoma | *vьrtomъ |
| accusative | *vьrtъ | *vьrta | *vьrty |
| instrumental | *vьrtъmь, *vьrtomь* | *vьrtoma | *vьrty |
| locative | *vьrtě | *vьrtu | *vьrtěxъ |
| vocative | *vьrte | *vьrta | *vьrti |
Derived terms
- *vьrtogordъ (“orchard”)
Descendants
- South Slavic:
Further reading
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “вертоград”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
- Georgiev, Vladimir I., editor (1971), “врът²”, in Български етимологичен речник (in Bulgarian), volume 1 (А – З), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pubg. House, →ISBN, page 189
- Snoj, Marko (2016) “vrt”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar (in Slovene), 3rd edition, https://fran.si