Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/vьrtъ

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Instance noun of Proto-Slavic *vьrtěti (“to rotate, to turn”), parallel to the o-grade form *vortъ. Cognate with Latin vertex, vortex.

*vьrtъ m

1. turn, twirl, circular motion

   Synonyms: *vojь, *vьrtežь

• *vьrťаti
• *vьrtьcь, *vьrtikъ (diminutive)
• *vьrtъka (“change of direction, turn”)
• *vьrtenь (“turnaround”)
• *vьrtunъ (“fidget, pivot”)
• *vьrtuxa (“whirlwind”)

• *vьrtežь (“rotatoion, arcing”)
• *vьrtělь (“revolution, vortex”)
• *vьrtočь (“curl, torsion”)
• *vьrtъpъ (“whirlpool”)

• East Slavic:
  • ⇒ Russian: кругове́рть f (krugovértʹ)
• South Slavic:
  • Bulgarian: врът (vrǎt), връц (vrǎc), връ́тка (vrǎ́tka)
  • ⇒ Macedonian: вртка (vrtka)
  • ⇒ Slovene: vŕtec (tonal orthography)
• West Slavic:
  • Polish: wart

• Georgiev, Vladimir I., editor (1971), “връц”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 1 (А – З), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pubg. House, →ISBN, page 191

Most likely from Etymology 1 via semantic shift revolution → enclosure → garden, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *wert- (“to turn, to rotate”). Cognate with Tocharian B warto (“garden, enclosure, groove”).

Alternatively, per Brandt, possibly a back-formation from Proto-Germanic *wurtigardiz (whence Gothic 𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍄𐌹𐌲𐌰𐍂𐌳𐍃 (aurtigards), Old English ortġeard), with first element from the oblique stem of Proto-Indo-European *wréh₂ds (“root, plant”). Usually dismissed since corresponding East Slavic descendants exhibit reflexes of Proto-Slavic *vьrtogordъ with root -ь- (rather than expected -ъ-).

*vьrtъ m

1. garden

   Synonyms: *gordina, *sadъ

• *vьrtogordъ (“orchard”)

• South Slavic:
  • Old Church Slavonic: врьтъ (vrĭtŭ), врътъ (vrŭtŭ)
  • Bulgarian: врът (vrǎt), ворт (vort) (dialectal)
  • Serbo-Croatian:

    Cyrillic script: вр̏т

    Latin script: vȑt

  • Slovene: vȓt (tonal orthography)
    • ⇒ Slovene: vȓtek, vrtȉč, vrtáča (tonal orthography)

• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “вертоград”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
• Georgiev, Vladimir I., editor (1971), “врът²”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 1 (А – З), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pubg. House, →ISBN, page 189
• Snoj, Marko (2016) “vrt”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar [Slovenian Etymology Dictionary] (in Slovene), 3rd edition, https://fran.si