Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/xъrtъ
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This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Slavic
Etymology
Related to Lithuanian kùrtas (“hound”), Latvian kur̃ts (“greyhound”), but unclear if cognate or loaned into.
According to majority viewpoint (Berneker, Brückner, Mladenov, Kopečný), a substantivized participle from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kerH- (“to swing, to skip, to frisk”) + *-tъ, akin to Proto-Slavic *skorъ (“quick, sudden”), *čьrstvъ (“agile”) and genetic cognate with the Baltic terms. Attested in adjectival function in dialectal Russian хо́ртый пёс (xórtyj pjos). Possibly also related to Proto-Slavic *čьrtъ (“demon”), Lithuanian skėrỹs (“locust”), and further Ancient Greek σκάρος (skáros, “parrotfish”).
Alternative proposals:
- Machek: From Proto-Indo-European *(s)kewr- (“to run”), akin to Proto-Slavic *ščurьcь (“rat, cricket”) and possibly Proto-Slavic *kurъ m (“rooster”), *kurica f (“hen”). Without s-mobile: cognate with the Baltic terms for hound and dialectal Lithuanian kùrti (“to run, to move quickly”).
- Trubačev, Vasmer: Possibly from Proto-Indo-European *ser- (“faint”), akin to Russian мухо́ртый (muxórtyj, “speckled with gray spots”), тьмохо́ртый (tʹmoxórtyj, “dirty green”) and Lithuanian sar̃tas (“light bay”).
- Hirt: Borrowed from Proto-Germanic *hruþjô (“snot; dog”) (whence German Rüde (“foxhound”)). Dismissed by most Slavists.
Noun
Inflection
Declension of *xъrtъ (hard o-stem, accent paradigm a)
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | *xъrtъ | *xъ̀rta | *xъ̀rti |
| genitive | *xъ̀rta | *xъ̀rtu | *xъ̀rtъ |
| dative | *xъ̀rtu | *xъ̀rtoma | *xъ̀rtomъ |
| accusative | *xъrtъ | *xъ̀rta | *xъ̀rty |
| instrumental | *xъ̀rtъmь, *xъ̀rtomь* | *xъ̀rtoma | *xъ̀rtȳ |
| locative | *xъ̀rtě | *xъ̀rtu | *xъ̀rtě̄xъ |
| vocative | *xъ̀rte | *xъ̀rta | *xъ̀rti |
* -ъmь in North Slavic, -omь in South Slavic.
Declension of *xъ̑rtъ (hard o-stem, accent paradigm c)
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | *xъ̑rtъ | *xъ̑rta | *xъ̑rti |
| genitive | *xъ̑rta | *xъrtù | *xъ̃rtъ |
| dative | *xъ̑rtu | *xъrtomà | *xъrtòmъ |
| accusative | *xъ̑rtъ | *xъ̑rta | *xъ̑rty |
| instrumental | *xъ̑rtъmь, *xъ̑rtomь* | *xъrtomà | *xъrtý |
| locative | *xъ̑rtě | *xъrtù | *xъrtě̃xъ |
| vocative | *xъrte | *xъ̑rta | *xъ̑rti |
* -ъmь in North Slavic, -omь in South Slavic.
Derived terms
- *xъrtъka, *xъrtica (feminine form)
- *xъrtovъ (“quick, agile”)
- *xъrtovati (“to move quickly”)
Related terms
- *xъrlъ (“quick”) (possibly *xъrtlъ)
- Old Church Slavonic: хрълъ (xrŭlŭ) (Serbian rendition)
- *aščerъ (“lizard”) (possibly)
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- South Slavic:
- West Slavic:
Further reading
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “хорт”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
- Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1981), “*xъrtъ”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 8 (*xa – *jьvьlga), Moscow: Nauka, page 148
- “kurtas”, in Lietuvių kalbos etimologinio žodyno duomenų bazė [Lithuanian etymological dictionary database], 2007–2012
References
- ^ Snoj, Marko (2016) “hrt”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar [Slovenian Etymology Dictionary] (in Slovene), 3rd edition, https://fran.si: “Pslovan. *xъ̑rtъ (ali *xъ̋rtъ)”