Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/xorna
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This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Slavic
Etymology
Disputed:
- Martynov: Borrowed from Proto-Iranian, whence Avestan 𐬓𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬥𐬀 (xᵛarəna, “food”); perhaps, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *swel- (“to devour; to swell”). Doubted by Vasmer.
- Berneker: Native, derived from Proto-Indo-European *serh₂- (“to sustain”) (whence Latin servō (“to serve”), Sanskrit सर्वथा (sarvathā, “entirety”)). Originally meaning “sustenance”. Initial *x- is explained as a result of levelling from forms such *prixorniti, *uxorniti which were subject to RUKI-rule.
- Mladenov: Native, from an earlier *skornā, derived from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ker- (“to chop”) (whence Latin carō (“flesh”)). Originally meaning “portion”.
Derksen (EDSIL) and Trubačev (ESSJa) tend to favour the first hypothesis. Snoj prefers the second.
Noun
Declension
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | *xōrnà | *xõrně | *xōrnỳ |
| genitive | *xōrnỳ | *xōrnù | *xõrnъ |
| dative | *xōrně̀ | *xōrnàma | *xōrnàmъ |
| accusative | *xōrnǫ̀ | *xõrně | *xōrnỳ |
| instrumental | *xōrnòjǫ, *xõrnǫ** | *xōrnàma | *xōrnàmī |
| locative | *xōrně̀ | *xōrnù | *xōrnàsъ, *xōrnàxъ* |
| vocative | *xorno | *xõrně | *xōrnỳ |
* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.
** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).
Derived terms
- *xorniti (iterative)
- *xorniteľь (agent noun)
- *xornьba (abstract noun)
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- Russian: хоро́на (xoróna)
- South Slavic:
- West Slavic:
- Non-Slavic:
- → Romanian: hrană
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Derksen, Rick (2008) “*xorna”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 204: “f. ā ‘food, fodder’”
- ^ Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1981), “*xorna”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков (in Russian), numbers 8 (*xa – *jьvьlga), Moscow: Nauka, page 76
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Snoj, Marko (2016) “hrána”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar (in Slovene), 3rd edition, https://fran.si: “*xorna̋”
Further reading
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “хорона”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка (in Russian), Moscow: Progress