Reconstruction:Proto-Tai/C̬.qɯjꟲ

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 This Proto-Tai entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Tai

Etymology

The Proto-Tai form *C̬.qɯjꟲ was reconstructed by Pittayaporn (2009).

Possibly cognate with Proto-Austronesian *Caqi (whence Paiwan tsaqi, Malay tahi, Malagasy tay).

Also possibly cognate with Chinese 屎 (shǐ, “excrement”); Thai ขี้ (kîi) (a descendant of *C̬.qɯjꟲ) was considered cognate with Middle Chinese 屎 (MC śi) by Manomaivibool (1975) and Old Chinese 屎 (OC qhji') by Gong (2002).

Bauer (1996) pointed out that khV ("excrement") is quite widespread in Cantonese 𡲢 (ke¹, “poop”), Tai (e.g. Thai ขี้ (kîi)) and Tibeto-Burman (e.g. Zaiwa kʰji²¹, Burmese ချေး (hkye:, “shit”) and Lashi kʰjei⁵⁵) in focusing on modern lexical forms instead of proto forms. Paul Benedict criticized that the lexical forms Bauer had pulled together as the "same" word were really just "looklike". Bauer rebutted that it is highly unlikely that the phenomenon of simple coincidence explains the occurrence of so many phonosemantically similar (and identical) forms in so many different languages.

Compare Sui ggeex, Proto-Kra *kaiꟲ and Proto-Hlai *ɦaːjʔ (whence haːj³ in most modern dialects).

Noun

*C̬.qɯjꟲ

  1. excrement

Descendants

References

  1. ^ Pittayaporn, Pittayawat (2009) The Phonology of Proto-Tai (Doctoral dissertation)‎, Department of Linguistics, Cornell University , page 325
  2. ^ Ostapirat, Weera (2005) "Kra-dai and Austronesian: notes on phonological correspondences and vocabulary distribution" In Sagart, Laurent; et al. (eds.) The Peopling of East Asia, London; New York: RoutledgeCurzon, pages 111, 122, 124
  3. ^ Manomaivibool, Prapin (1975) A Study of Sino-Thai Lexical Correspondences (PhD dissertation), Department of Asian Languages and Literature, University of Washington, pages 194, 207, 317
  4. ^ 龚群虎 (2002) 汉泰关系词的时间层次 (in Chinese), Shanghai: Fudan University Press (复旦大学出版社), pages 91, 176, 210
  5. ^ Bauer, Robert S. (1996) "Identifying the Tai substratum in Cantonese" In Pan-Asiatic Linguistics: Proceedings of the Fourth International Symposium on Languages and Linguistics, January 8-10, 1996, Thailand: Institute of Language and Culture for Rural Development, Mahidol University, page 1824
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Bauer (1996) (ibid.) page 1836
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