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Cognates found in Northern and Central Tungusic are well established, however those in Jurchen and Manchu are somewhat difficult to reconcile phonetically. Some hypotheses postulate a Chukotko-Kamchatkan influence in Southern Tungusic. Compare for instance Chukchiвыквын(wəkwən, “stone”), Koryakвыввын(wəwwən, “stone”) and Itelmenвач(vač, “rock”), from Proto-Chukotko-Kamchatkan*ɣəv(ɣəv)(“stone”).[1]
^ Vovin, Alexander (2006) “Why Manchu and Jurchen Look So Un-Tungusic”, in Alessandra Pozzi, Juha Janhunen and Michael Weiers, editors, Tumen jalafun secen aku. Manchu Studies in Honour of Giovanni Stary, Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, pages 255-266.
Cincius, V. I. (1977) Сравнительный словарь тунгусо-маньчжурских языков [Comparative Dictionary of Tungus-Manchu Languages] (in Russian), volume 2, Leningrad: Nauka, page 289
Kane, Daniel (1989) The Sino-Jurchen Vocabulary of the Bureau of Interpreters (Uralic and Altaic Series; vol. 153), Bloomington, Indiana: Research Institute for Inner Asian Studies, Indiana University, →ISBN, page 161.
Fortescue, Michael (2005) Comparative Chukotko-Kamchatkan dictionary (Trends in Linguistic Documentation; 23), Berlin – New York: de Gruyter, →ISBN.