Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/es
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This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Turkic
Noun
*es
Declension
Declension of *es
| Singular 3) | |
|---|---|
| Nominative | *es |
| Accusative | *esni, *esig 4), *esnig 1) |
| Genitive | *esniŋ |
| Dative | *eske |
| Locative | *esde |
| Ablative | *esden |
| Allative | *esgerü |
| Instrumental 2) | *esin |
| Equative 2) | *esče |
| Similative 2) | *esleyü |
| Comitative 2) | *esligü |
1) Possibly in Pre-Proto-Turkic.
2) The original instrumental, equative, similative & comitative cases have fallen into disuse in many modern Turkic languages.
3) Plurality is disputed in Proto-Turkic. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page in Wikibooks.
4) Found in the Old Turkic era.
2) The original instrumental, equative, similative & comitative cases have fallen into disuse in many modern Turkic languages.
3) Plurality is disputed in Proto-Turkic. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page in Wikibooks.
4) Found in the Old Turkic era.
Descendants
- Karluk:
- Oghuz:
- Kipchak:
References
- Clauson, Gerard (1972) “”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 252
- Räsänen, Martti (1969) Versuch eines etymologischen Wörterbuchs der Türksprachen (in German), Helsinki: Suomalais-ugrilainen seura, pages 49-50
- Sevortjan, E. V. (1974) “ес”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ tjurkskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Turkic Languages] (in Russian), volume I, Moscow: Nauka, page 310
- Starostin, Sergei, Dybo, Anna, Mudrak, Oleg (2003) “*es”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8), Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill