Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/ka-
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This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Turkic
Etymology
Compared to Proto-Mongolic *ka- (“interrogative stem”), Proto-Tungusic *xa- (“interrogative stem”). Possibly also Proto-Japonic *ka (“interrogative particle”) and Proto-Uralic *ku (“who, where”) (Can this(+) etymology be sourced?)
Pronoun
*ka-
- Interrogative stem.
- Synonym: *nē-
Declension
| singular | |
|---|---|
| nominative | *ka |
| accusative | *kanï |
| genitive | *kanïŋ |
| dative | *kaŋa |
| locative | *kanta |
| ablative | *kantan |
| allative 1) | *kaŋaru |
| instrumental 1) | *kanïn |
| equative 1) | *kanča |
| similative 1) | *kanlayu |
| comitative 1) | *kanlïgu |
1) The original allative, instrumental, equative, similative & comitative cases have fallen into disuse in many modern Turkic languages.
Descendants
- Arghu:
- Oghuz:
- Karluk:
- Kipchak: *kay(ï), *kay(ï)sï
- Siberian:
- ⇒ Proto-Turkic: *kanï (“where”)
- ⇒ Proto-Turkic: *kačan (“when”)
- ⇒ Proto-Turkic: *kanča (“when”)
- Oghuz:
- Karluk:
- Kipchak:
- Siberian:
References
- ^ Güneş, Bahadır (2012) “Kars ili ağızlarında “nasıl” soru zarfı ve ölçünlü dilden ayrılan örnekleri üzerine ”, in Karadeniz Teknik Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, volume 2, number 4, pages 49–55
- Rezaei, Mehdi (2018) “Ḳa Zamiri ve Onun Türevleri Hakkında Bazı Tespitler ”, in Söylem Filoloji Dergisi, volume 3, number 2, pages 272–283
- al-Kashgarî, Mahmud (1072–1074) Besim Atalay, transl., Divanü Lûgat-it-Türk Tercümesi (Türk Dil Kurumu Yayınları; 521) (in Turkish), 1985 edition, volume III, Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurmu Basımevi, published 1939–1943, pages 218, 237
- XIII. Yüzyılından Beri Türkiye Türkçesiyle Yazılmış Kitaplarından Toplanan Tanıklarıyle Tarama Sözlüğü (Türk Dil Kurumu yayınları; 212) (in Turkish), Ankara: Türk Dil Kurumu, 1963–1977
- on Turkbitig.com.