Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/kapïrčak

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Alternative forms

*kapsa (only exists in Oghuz)

Etymology

From *kapïŕ (“coffin”) +‎ *-čak (“diminutive suffix”), ultimately from Proto-Turkic *kap-. Also related to Old Uyghur (qapız, “coffin”), Chagatai (qapuzağ, “bark of a tree”). Compare also Proto-Mongolic *kayircag, *kaxurcag (“small box, chest”), Proto-Tungusic *kapsa (“box; bag; delved boat”). The Siberian Turkic languages reborrowed the word from its Mongolic form.

Noun

*kapïrčak

box, coffin
basket

Declension

Declension of *kapïrčak
	singular ³⁾
nominative	*kapïrčak
accusative	kapïrčakïg, kapïrčaknï¹⁾
genitive	*kapïrčaknïŋ
dative	*kapïrčakka
locative	*kapïrčakda
ablative	*kapïrčakdan
allative	*kapïrčakgaru
instrumental ²⁾	*kapïrčakïn
equative ²⁾	*kapïrčakča
similative ²⁾	*kapïrčaklayu
comitative ²⁾	*kapïrčaklïgu

¹⁾ Originally used only in pronominal declension.
²⁾ The original instrumental, equative, similative, and comitative cases have fallen into disuse in many modern Turkic languages.
³⁾ Plurality in Proto-Turkic is disputed. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page on Wikibooks.

Descendants

Oghur:
- → Hungarian: koporsó
Common Turkic:

Oghuz:
- Old Anatolian Turkish:
  - Azerbaijani: qapsağ (“garden gate”) (dialect in Quba)
  - Ottoman Turkish: (qapurçaq, “parfume box, chest, case”)
    - Turkish: kabırcak (“coffin”) (dialectal, Uşak, Kütahya), kapurcak (“wooden box”) (dialectal, Edirne, Çanakkale), kapıncak (“wooden box”) (dialectal, Tekirdağ, Istanbul (European side)), kapsa (“basket, box”) (dialectal, İzmir, Aydın, Manisa, Kütahya, Sivas, Giresun), kapsa (“garden gate”) (dialectal, Balıkesir, Mersin, Konya, Antalya, Çanakkale), kapsa (“shelter; garden gate”) (dialectal, Malatya), kapsak (“garden gate”) (dialectal, Aydın)
- Turkmen: gapyrjak (“box”), gabsa (“wooden gate”)
Karluk:
- Karakhanid: قَبِرْجاقْ (qapırčāq)
Kipchak:
- North Kipchak:
  - Bashkir: ҡабырсаҡ (qabırsaq, “seashell”)
- South Kipchak:
  - Kazakh: қабыршақ (qabyrşaq, “shell”)
- East Kipchak:
  - Southern Altai: кабырчак (kabïrčak, “shell”)
Siberian:
- Old Uyghur:
- North Siberian:
  - Yakut: куорчах (kuorcaq, “dugout coffin; protective frame for the coffin”)
- South Siberian:
  - Sayan:
    - Tuvan: (xaarjak, “box, case; coffin”)
  - Yenisei:
    - Khakas: харачах (xaraçax, “box, case, chest”), харчах (xarçax) (perhaps from Mongolic)

References

^ Starostin, Sergei, Dybo, Anna, Mudrak, Oleg (2003) “*Kapɨrčak, *Kapsak”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8), Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill
^ Tekin, Talât (1979) “Once More Zetacism and Sigmatism”, in Central Asiatic Journal‎, volume 23, Harrassowitz Verlag, pages 118-137
^ Tekin, Talât. (Ankara) “The Second Altınköl Inscription.” Türk Dilleri Araştırmaları, vol. 8, 1998, page 12.
^ Axundov A. A., Kazımov Q. Ş., Behbudov S. M., editors (2007), “Proto-Turkic/kapïrčak”, in Azərbaycan dilinin dialektoloji lüğəti (in Azerbaijani), Baku: Şərq-Qərb, →ISBN
^ “kabırcak, kapurcak, kapıncak, kapsa, kapsak”, in Türkiye'de halk ağzından derleme sözlüğü (in Turkish), Ankara: Türk Dil Kurumu, 1963–1982
^ al-Kashgarî, Mahmud (1072–1074) Besim Atalay, transl., Divanü Lûgat-it-Türk Tercümesi (Türk Dil Kurumu Yayınları; 521) (in Turkish), 1985 edition, volume I, Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurmu Basımevi, published 1939–1943, page 501
^

[1] Starostin, Sergei, Dybo, Anna, Mudrak, Oleg (2003) “*Kapɨrčak, *Kapsak”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8), Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill

[2] Tekin, Talât (1979) “Once More Zetacism and Sigmatism”, in Central Asiatic Journal‎, volume 23, Harrassowitz Verlag, pages 118-137

[3] Tekin, Talât. (Ankara) “The Second Altınköl Inscription.” Türk Dilleri Araştırmaları, vol. 8, 1998, page 12.

[4] Axundov A. A., Kazımov Q. Ş., Behbudov S. M., editors (2007), “Proto-Turkic/kapïrčak”, in Azərbaycan dilinin dialektoloji lüğəti (in Azerbaijani), Baku: Şərq-Qərb, →ISBN

[5] “kabırcak, kapurcak, kapıncak, kapsa, kapsak”, in Türkiye'de halk ağzından derleme sözlüğü (in Turkish), Ankara: Türk Dil Kurumu, 1963–1982

[6] -Kashgarî, Mahmud (1072–1074) Besim Atalay, transl., Divanü Lûgat-it-Türk Tercümesi (Türk Dil Kurumu Yayınları; 521) (in Turkish), 1985 edition, volume I, Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurmu Basımevi, published 1939–1943, page 501

[7] ^