Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/ordu
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This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Turkic
Etymology
Uncertain, however usually considered simplex. EDAL suggests a derivation from a hypothetical *or- verb suggesting *orun (“place”) and *ortu (“middle”) as cognates, however a derivation *or-du would have yielded *ortu not *ordu.
The rather uncommon consonant cluster *-rd- may also indicate a borrowing from an unknown source. Dybo suggests that the word is borrowed from Mongolic rather than the other way around.
Noun
*ordu
Declension
| singular 3) | |
|---|---|
| nominative | *ordu |
| accusative | *ordug, *ordunï1) |
| genitive | *ordunuŋ |
| dative | *orduka |
| locative | *orduda |
| ablative | *ordudan |
| allative | *ordugaru |
| instrumental 2) | *ordun |
| equative 2) | *orduča |
| similative 2) | *ordulayu |
| comitative 2) | *ordulugu |
1) Originally used only in pronominal declension.
2) The original instrumental, equative, similative, and comitative cases have fallen into disuse in many modern Turkic languages.
3) Plurality in Proto-Turkic is disputed. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page on Wikibooks.
2) The original instrumental, equative, similative, and comitative cases have fallen into disuse in many modern Turkic languages.
3) Plurality in Proto-Turkic is disputed. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page on Wikibooks.
Descendants
- → Classical Mongolian: ᠣᠷᠳ᠋ᠤ (ordu)
- Mongolian: орд (ord)
- → Classical Persian: اُرْدُو (urdū)
- Xiong-nu:
- → Old Chinese: 甌脫 (ōutuō)
- → Kalmyk: орда (orda)
- Common Turkic:
References
- ^ Erdal, Marcel (1991) Old Turkic Word Formation, volume I, Otto Harrassowitz, →ISBN, page 332
- ^ Dybo, Anna (2014) “Early contacts of Turks and problems of Proto-Turkic reconstruction”, in Tatarica, volume 2, page 12
- al-Kashgarî, Mahmud (1072–1074) Besim Atalay, transl., Divanü Lûgat-it-Türk Tercümesi (Türk Dil Kurumu Yayınları; 521) (in Turkish), 1985 edition, volume I, Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurmu Basımevi, published 1939–1943, page 124
- Clauson, Gerard (1972) “”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 203
- Doerfer, Gerhard (1965) Türkische und mongolische Elemente im Neupersischen (Akademie der Wissenschaften und der Literatur: Veröffentlichungen der Orientalischen Kommission; 19) (in German), volume II, Wiesbaden: Franz Steiner Verlag, § 452, page 32
- Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “ordu”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
- Starostin, Sergei, Dybo, Anna, Mudrak, Oleg (2003) “*or-”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8), Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill
- Räsänen, Martti (1969) Versuch eines etymologischen Wörterbuchs der Türksprachen (in German), Helsinki: Suomalais-ugrilainen seura, page 364
- Courteille, Abel Pavet de (1870) “Proto-Turkic/ordu”, in Dictionnaire turk-oriental (in French), Paris: Imprimerie Impériale, page 54