Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/yogun

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Etymology

From *yogu- (“to knead”) +‎ *-un. The stem is not attested in Turkic but compare Proto-Mongolic *nïku- (“to knead”). EDAL tries to connect it with Proto-Mongolic *ǰuǰaxan (“thick”); however, that has a phonetic problem with *-ǰ-.

Adjective

*yogun

(Common Turkic) thick, dense
Synonyms: *kalïŋ, *koyug

Antonym: *yīnčge

Related terms

*yogu-r- (“to knead”)
- ⇒ *yogur-gan (“blanket”)

Descendants

Common Turkic:

Arghu:
- Khalaj: yoğun
Proto-Oghuz: *yoɣan
- West Oghuz:
  - Azerbaijani: yoğun
  - Ottoman Turkish: یوغون (yoğun), یوغن (yoğun)
    - Turkish: yoğun
    - → Armenian: եօղուն (eōġun)
- East Oghuz:
  - Turkmen: ýogȳn
  - Salar: yoğan
Karluk:
- Karakhanid: یُغُونْ (yoɣun)
  - Chagatai: یوغون (yoɣun), یوغان (yoɣan)
    - Uyghur: يوغان (yoghan)
    - Uzbek: yoʻgʻon
Kipchak:
- North Kipchak:
  - Bashkir: йыуан (yıwan)
  - Tatar: юан (yuan)
- South Kipchak:
  - Kazakh: жуан (juan)
- East Kipchak:
  - Kyrgyz: жоон (joon)
  - Southern Altai: јоон (ǰoon)
Siberian:
- Old Turkic: 𐰖𐰆𐰍𐰣 (yoɣun)
  - Old Uyghur: ywqwn (yoɣun)
    - Western Yugur: joɣən
- North Siberian:
  - Dolgan: һуон (huon)
  - Yakut: суон (suon)
- South Siberian:
  - Sayan Turkic:
    - Tuvan: чоон (çoon)
    - Tofa: нёон (ńoon)
  - Yenisei:
    - Khakas: чоон (çoon)
    - Shor: чоон (çoon)

References

Clauson, Gerard (1972) “”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 904
Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “yoğun”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
Räsänen, Martti (1969) Versuch eines etymologischen Wörterbuchs der Türksprachen (in German), Helsinki: Suomalais-ugrilainen seura, page 205
Sevortjan, E. V., Levitskaja, L. S. (1989) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ tjurkskix jazykov (in Russian), volume 4, Moscow: Nauka, pages 208-209
Starostin, Sergei, Dybo, Anna, Mudrak, Oleg (2003) “*yogan”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8)‎, Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill