Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/þimstr
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This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-West Germanic
Alternative forms
Etymology
From Proto-Germanic *þimstraz, from Proto-Indo-European *témH-s-ro-s, from *temH- (“dark”). Cognate with Sanskrit तमिस्र (tamisra, “dark”), Latin tenebrae (“darkness”), Lithuanian tamsa (“darkness”). Perhaps related to *þiustrī (“dark, gloomy”).[1]
Adjective
*þimstr
Inflection
| a-stem | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Masculine | ||
| Nominative | *þimstr | ||
| Genitive | *þimstras | ||
| Singular | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | *þimstr | *þimstru | *þimstr |
| Accusative | *þimstranā | *þimstrā | *þimstr |
| Genitive | *þimstras | *þimstreʀā | *þimstras |
| Dative | *þimstrumē | *þimstreʀē | *þimstrumē |
| Instrumental | *þimstru | *þimstreʀu | *þimstru |
| Plural | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | *þimstrē | *þimstrō | *þimstru |
| Accusative | *þimstrā | *þimstrā | *þimstru |
| Genitive | *þimstreʀō | *þimstreʀō | *þimstreʀō |
| Dative | *þimstrēm, *þimstrum | *þimstrēm, *þimstrum | *þimstrēm, *þimstrum |
| Instrumental | *þimstrēm, *þimstrum | *þimstrēm, *þimstrum | *þimstrēm, *þimstrum |
Descendants
Several descendants are from a variant *finistr, in which the dental and labial articulations switched their positions.
- Old Saxon: *finistar, *thinstar
- Middle Low German: vinster, dinster, *dienster (attested in Middle Low German dinsternisse, diensternisse)
- >? Middle Low German: dûnster (possibly conflated with unattested *dûster < *þiustrī)
- Old Dutch: odt, *thimster, *finistar
- Old High German: thinstar, dinstar, finistir, finstar
Further reading
- Guus Kroonen (2013) Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN