Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/angil

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin angelus (“angel, messenger”).

Noun

*angil m^[1]

(Christianity) angel

Inflection

Masculine a-stem
	Singular
Nominative	*angil
Genitive	*angilas
	Singular	Plural
Nominative	*angil	angilō, angilōs
Accusative	*angil	*angilā
Genitive	*angilas	*angilō
Dative	*angilē	*angilum
Instrumental	*angilu	*angilum

Derived terms

*angilalīk

Descendants

Old English: enġel, anġel, ænġel, enġyl, enċġel
- Middle English: aungel, engel, angel, ængel, aungil, aungell, angell, angyl, angyll, angylle, awngel, enngell (contaminated by Anglo-Norman angle)
  - English: angel (see there for further descendants)
  - Scots: angel, aungel
Old Frisian: angel, engel
- Saterland Frisian: Ängel
- West Frisian: ingel
Old Saxon: engil
- Middle Low German: engel
  - Low German:
    - German Low German: Engel
      - Plautdietsch: Enjel
    - → Estonian: ingel
- → Old Norse: engill
  - Icelandic: engill
  - Faroese: eingil
  - Norwegian:
    - Norwegian Nynorsk: engel
    - Norwegian Bokmål: engel
  - Danish: engel
  - Old Swedish: ængil, engil
    - Swedish: ängel
    - → Finnish: enkeli
  - Gutnish: änggel
Old Dutch: *engil
- Middle Dutch: engel
  - Dutch: engel
    - Afrikaans: engel
    - Negerhollands: engel
    - → Papiamentu: engel
  - Limburgish: ingel
Old High German: engil, angil
- Middle High German: engel
  - Alemannic German: Ängel, Ängu
    Swabian: Engele
  - Bavarian: Engl
    Cimbrian: énghel
  - German: Engel
    - →? Yiddish: ענגעל (engel)
  - Luxembourgish: Engel
  - → Latvian: eņģelis

References

^ Ringe, Donald, Taylor, Ann (2014) The Development of Old English (A Linguistic History of English; 2), Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 135: “PWGmc *angil”

[1] Ringe, Donald, Taylor, Ann (2014) The Development of Old English (A Linguistic History of English; 2), Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 135: “PWGmc *angil”

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