Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/bermō

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Etymology

Uncertain; possibly from Proto-Germanic *bermô, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰér-mō ~ *bʰr̥-mnés^[1],^[2] from *bʰer- (“to boil”) (compare with Latin fermentum (“fermentation; yeast”)) or *bʰrewh₁- (“to boil; to brew”), or perhaps from *gʷʰér-mō ~ *gʷʰr̥-mnés,^[3] from *gʷʰer- (“warm, hot”).

Noun

*bermō m

yeast
Synonyms: *habbjō, *jestu

Declension

Masculine an-stem
	Singular
Nominative	*bermō
Genitive	birmini, berman
	Singular	Plural
Nominative	*bermō	*berman
Accusative	*berman	*berman
Genitive	birmini, berman	*bermanō
Dative	birmini, berman	*bermum
Instrumental	birmini, berman	*bermum

Descendants

Old English: beorma, beorm, bearm
- Middle English: berme, barme, berm, barm, beorme
  - English: barm
  - Scots: barm, berme, barme, baurm
  - Yola: barrm
Old Frisian: berma
- Saterland Frisian: Bierme
- West Frisian: berme
Old Saxon: *bermo, *berma
- Middle Low German: berm, barm
  - German Low German: Barm, Bärme, Bärm
    - → German: Bärme
  - → Danish: bærme
  - → Estonian: pärm
  - → Swedish: bärma
  - → Norwegian: bærme, berme
Old Dutch: *bermo; *berma
- Middle Dutch: berme, berm, barme, barm

References

^ Schrijver, Peter C. H. (1991) The reflexes of the Proto-Indo-European laryngeals in Latin (Leiden studies in Indo-European; 2), Amsterdam, Atlanta: Rodopi, →ISBN, page 255: “*bher-m-n-”
^ Boutkan, Dirk, Siebinga, Sjoerd (2005) Old Frisian Etymological Dictionary (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 1), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 60
^ Guus Kroonen (2013) “*krudda/ōn-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 306

[1] Schrijver, Peter C. H. (1991) The reflexes of the Proto-Indo-European laryngeals in Latin (Leiden studies in Indo-European; 2), Amsterdam, Atlanta: Rodopi, →ISBN, page 255: “*bher-m-n-”

[2] Boutkan, Dirk, Siebinga, Sjoerd (2005) Old Frisian Etymological Dictionary (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 1), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 60

[3] Guus Kroonen (2013) “*krudda/ōn-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 306

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