Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/durʀan

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *durzaną.

Verb

*durʀan^[1]

to dare
Synonyms: *gadurʀan, *gadurstīgōn

Inflection

Preterit-present
Infinitive	durʀan
1st sg. past	dorstā
3rd pl. past	durstun
Past ptcple	dorst
Infinitive	durʀan
Genitive infin.	durʀannjas
Dative infin.	durʀannjē
Instrum. infin.	durʀannju
Indicative	Present	Past
1st singular	dars / darʀ	dorstā
2nd singular	darst	dorstēs
3rd singular	dars / darʀ	dorstē
1st plural	durʀum	durstum
2nd plural	durʀud	durstud
3rd plural	durʀun	durstun
Subjunctive	Present	Past
1st singular	durʀī	durstī
2nd singular	durʀī	durstī
3rd singular	durʀī	durstī
1st plural	durʀīm	durstīm
2nd plural	durʀīd	durstīd
3rd plural	durʀīn	durstīn
Imperative	Present
Singular	—
Plural	—
	Present	Past
Participle	durʀandī	dorst

Derived terms

*dursti
*durʀī
- Old High German: *turri
  - Middle High German: türre, dürre

Descendants

Old English: durran
- Middle English: durren
  - Scots: daur
  - English: dare
Old Saxon: durran
- Low German: dören (sometimes merged with dörven, from *þurbaną)
Old Dutch: *durran
- Middle Dutch: dorren, durren
  - Dutch: durven (merged with *þurbaną)
    - Afrikaans: durf
  - Limburgish: derre, dórre
Old High German: turran
- Middle High German: turren
  - Bavarian:
    - Cimbrian: töoran
  - Central Franconian: dusche (semantically identical to dürve)
  - German: thüren, türen (obsolete)
  - Yiddish: טאָרן (torn)

References

^ Ringe, Donald, Taylor, Ann (2014) The Development of Old English (A Linguistic History of English; 2), Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 180: “PWGmc *darr (with *rr < *rz levelled in from the pl.), *darst”

[1] Ringe, Donald, Taylor, Ann (2014) The Development of Old English (A Linguistic History of English; 2), Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 180: “PWGmc *darr (with *rr < *rz levelled in from the pl.), *darst”

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