Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/frafal(i)
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This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-West Germanic
Etymology
Uncertain; possibly from *fra- (“fully”) + *fali (“evil, cruel”), or alternatively from *fra- + *afl (“strength, power”) + *-ī.[1]
Adjective
*frafal(i)
Inflection
| a-stem | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Masculine | ||
| Nominative | *frafal | ||
| Genitive | *frafalas | ||
| Singular | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | *frafal | *frafalu | *frafal |
| Accusative | *frafalanā | *frafalā | *frafal |
| Genitive | *frafalas | *frafaleʀā | *frafalas |
| Dative | *frafalumē | *frafaleʀē | *frafalumē |
| Instrumental | *frafalu | *frafaleʀu | *frafalu |
| Plural | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | *frafalē | *frafalō | *frafalu |
| Accusative | *frafalā | *frafalā | *frafalu |
| Genitive | *frafaleʀō | *frafaleʀō | *frafaleʀō |
| Dative | *frafalēm, *frafalum | *frafalēm, *frafalum | *frafalēm, *frafalum |
| Instrumental | *frafalēm, *frafalum | *frafalēm, *frafalum | *frafalēm, *frafalum |
| ja-stem | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Masculine | ||
| Nominative | *frafali | ||
| Genitive | *frafalljas | ||
| Singular | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | *frafali | *frafallju | *frafali |
| Accusative | *frafalljanā | *frafalljā | *frafali |
| Genitive | *frafalljas | *frafalljeʀā | *frafalljas |
| Dative | *frafalljumē | *frafalljeʀē | *frafalljumē |
| Instrumental | *frafallju | *frafalljeʀu | *frafallju |
| Plural | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | *frafalljē | *frafalljō | *frafallju |
| Accusative | *frafalljā | *frafalljā | *frafallju |
| Genitive | *frafalljeʀō | *frafalljeʀō | *frafalljeʀō |
| Dative | *frafalljēm, *frafalljum | *frafalljēm, *frafalljum | *frafalljēm, *frafalljum |
| Instrumental | *frafalljēm, *frafalljum | *frafalljēm, *frafalljum | *frafalljēm, *frafalljum |
Alternative reconstructions
- *frafalu, *frafl(ī)[1]
Derived terms
- *frafalārī
- *frafalēn
- *frafalī
- *frafalīg
- *frafalihaidu
- *frafalilīk
- Old Saxon: *fravillīk
- Middle Low German: frevellich, frevelich
- Old High German: frafallīh, fravallīh
- Middle High German: vrevellich
- Old Saxon: *fravillīk
- *frafalilīkō
- *frafalimōd
- *frafalidādi
- *frafalō
- *frafalu
Descendants
- Old English: fræfel, fræfele, fræfeli, *frefel, frævol
- >? Scots: frewall
- Old Frisian: frevel
- Saterland Frisian: friewel
- Old Saxon: frabol, fravol
- Old Dutch: *fravali[1]
- Old High German: frafali, fravali
- → Medieval Latin: frafalius, farfalius (“empty, trifling, worthless, frivolous”)
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Philippa, Marlies, Debrabandere, Frans, Quak, Arend, Schoonheim, Tanneke, van der Sijs, Nicoline (2003–2009) “wrevel”, in Etymologisch woordenboek van het Nederlands (in Dutch), Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press: “onl. *fravali”