Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/kwalljā

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *gʷelH- (“to drip; to well”). Cognate with Sanskrit गलति (galati, “to drip”), Hittite (/⁠ku(wa)liya-⁠/, “to flow (calmly), to be calm”).

Noun

*kwalljā f^[1]

wellspring; spring
Synonyms: *brunnō, *kaldijā, *sauþ
well
Synonyms: *sauþ, *kaldijā, *walljā

Inflection

ōn-stem
	Singular
Nominative	*kwalljā
Genitive	*kwalljōn
	Singular	Plural
Nominative	*kwalljā	*kwalljōn
Accusative	*kwalljōn	*kwalljōn
Genitive	*kwalljōn	*kwalljōnō
Dative	*kwalljōn	kwalljōm, kwalljum
Instrumental	*kwalljōn	kwalljōm, kwalljum

Alternative reconstructions

*kwellā^[1]

Related terms

*kwellan

Descendants

Old English: cwiella, cwylla
- Middle English: *quelle
  - English: quell, quill (dialectal)
Old Frisian: *kwelle f; *kwella m
- West Frisian: kwelle, kwel m or f
Old Saxon: kwella, quella
- Middle Low German: quelle m, quel m or f
  - German Low German: Quell
  - ⇒ Middle High German: gequelle n, gequel m
Old Dutch: *kwella
- Middle Dutch: quelle
  - Dutch: kwel, (obsolete) kwelle
Old High German: kwella, quella
- Middle High German: quelle
  - German: Quelle, Kwelle (obsolete)
  - Hunsrik: Quell
  - Luxembourgish: Quell
- ⇒ Old High German: brunkwella, brunquella, brunkulle
  - Middle High German: brunnenquelle

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Seebold, Elmar (1970) “KWELL-A-”, in Vergleichendes und etymologisches Wörterbuch der germanischen starken Verben (Janua Linguarum. Series practica; 85) (in German), Paris, Den Haag: Mouton, →ISBN, page 314: “kwell-ōn; kwall-jōn”

[Seebold-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Seebold, Elmar (1970) “KWELL-A-”, in Vergleichendes und etymologisches Wörterbuch der germanischen starken Verben (Janua Linguarum. Series practica; 85) (in German), Paris, Den Haag: Mouton, →ISBN, page 314: “kwell-ōn; kwall-jōn”

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