Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/kwalljan

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This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *kwaljaną.

Verb

*kwalljan[1]

  1. to make suffer, hurt

Inflection

Class 1 weak
Infinitive *kwalljan
1st sg. past *kwaldā
Infinitive *kwalljan
Genitive infin. *kwalljannjas
Dative infin. *kwalljannjē
Instrum. infin. *kwalljannju
Indicative Present Past
1st singular *kwallju *kwaldā
2nd singular *kwalisi *kwaldēs, *kwaldōs
3rd singular *kwaliþi *kwaldē, *kwaldā
1st plural *kwalljum *kwaldum
2nd plural *kwaliþ *kwaldud
3rd plural *kwalljanþ *kwaldun
Subjunctive Present Past
1st singular *kwalljē *kwaldī
2nd singular *kwalljēs *kwaldī
3rd singular *kwalljē *kwaldī
1st plural *kwalljēm *kwaldīm
2nd plural *kwalljēþ *kwaldīd
3rd plural *kwalljēn *kwaldīn
Imperative Present
Singular *kwali
Plural *kwaliþ
Present Past
Participle *kwalljandī *kwald

Descendants

References

  1. ^ Ringe, Donald, Taylor, Ann (2014) The Development of Old English (A Linguistic History of English; 2), Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 73:PWGmc *kwaldē