Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/werþan
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This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-West Germanic
Etymology
From Proto-Germanic *werþaną.
Verb
*werþan[1]
- to become
Inflection
| Strong class 3 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Infinitive | *werþan | |
| 1st sg. past | *warþ | |
| 3rd pl. past | *wurdun | |
| Past ptcple | *wordan | |
| Infinitive | *werþan | |
| Genitive infin. | *werþannjas | |
| Dative infin. | *werþannjē | |
| Instrum. infin. | *werþannju | |
| Indicative | Present | Past |
| 1st singular | *werþu | *warþ |
| 2nd singular | *wirþiʀi | *wurdī |
| 3rd singular | *wirþidi | *warþ |
| 1st plural | *werþum | *wurdum |
| 2nd plural | *wirþid | *wurdud |
| 3rd plural | *werþand | *wurdun |
| Subjunctive | Present | Past |
| 1st singular | *werþē | *wurdī |
| 2nd singular | *werþēs | *wurdī |
| 3rd singular | *werþē | *wurdī |
| 1st plural | *werþēm | *wurdīm |
| 2nd plural | *werþēþ | *wurdīd |
| 3rd plural | *werþēn | *wurdīn |
| Imperative | Present | |
| Singular | *wirþ | |
| Plural | *wirþid | |
| Present | Past | |
| Participle | *werþandī | *wordan |
Derived terms
Descendants
- Old English: weorþan, wearþan — Anglian, weorðan — edh spelling, wurþan — Late West Saxon
- Old Frisian: wertha
- Old Saxon: werthan
- Old Dutch: werthan
- Old High German: werdan, ƿerdan — Manuscript spelling
References
- ^ Ringe, Donald, Taylor, Ann (2014) The Development of Old English (A Linguistic History of English; 2), Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 107: “*werþan”