| Selected conjugations of {{{1}}}다〮 ({{{2}}}tá), Accentual class L! | |||||
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Note that some forms are merely hypothetical, such as the object-honoring forms of most adjectival verbs.
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| Selected plain sentence-final forms | |||||
| Declarative | Interrogative | Modulated declarative | |||
| Polar question | Wh-word question | Second-person subject | |||
| Past | {{{1}}}다〮 ({{{2}}}tá) {{{3}}}니〮라〮 ({{{4}}}nílá) |
{{{5}}}가〮 ({{{6}}}ká) {{{3}}}녀〮 ({{{4}}}nyé) |
{{{5}}}고〮 ({{{6}}}kwó) {{{3}}}뇨〮 ({{{4}}}nyó) |
{{{5}}}다〮 ({{{6}}}tá) | {{{7}}}라〮 ({{{8}}}lá) |
| Present | {{{9}}}ᄂᆞ다〮 ({{{10}}}nòtá) {{{9}}}ᄂᆞ니〮라〮 ({{{10}}}nònílá) |
{{{9}}}ᄂᆞᆫ가〮 ({{{10}}}nònká) {{{9}}}ᄂᆞ녀〮 ({{{10}}}nònyé) |
{{{9}}}ᄂᆞᆫ고〮 ({{{10}}}nònkwó) {{{9}}}ᄂᆞ뇨〮 ({{{10}}}nònyó) |
{{{9}}}ᄂᆞᆫ다〮 ({{{10}}}nòntá) | {{{9}}}노〮라〮 ({{{10}}}nwólá) |
| Conjectural | {{{3}}}리〮라〮 ({{{4}}}lílá) | {{{11}}}가〮 ({{{12}}}ká) {{{3}}}려〮 ({{{4}}}lyé) |
{{{11}}}고〮 ({{{12}}}kwó) {{{3}}}료〮 ({{{4}}}lyó) |
{{{11}}}다〮 ({{{12}}}tá) | {{{7}}}리라〮 ({{{8}}}lìlá) |
| Retrospective/ imperfective |
{{{1}}}더〮라〮 ({{{2}}}télá) {{{1}}}더〮니라〮 ({{{2}}}ténìlá) |
{{{1}}}던〮가〮 ({{{2}}}ténká) {{{1}}}더〮녀〮 ({{{2}}}tényé) |
{{{1}}}던〮고〮 ({{{2}}}ténkwó) {{{1}}}더〮뇨〮 ({{{2}}}tényó) |
{{{1}}}던〮다〮 ({{{2}}}téntá) | {{{1}}}다〮라〮 ({{{2}}}tálá) |
| 거 (-ke-) form | {{{13}}}다〮 ({{{14}}}tá) {{{15}}}라〮 ({{{16}}}lá) |
{{{13}}}녀〮 ({{{14}}}nyé) | {{{13}}}뇨〮 ({{{14}}}nyó) | {{{17}}}다〮 ({{{18}}}tá) | {{{19}}}라〮 ({{{20}}}lá) |
| Promissive/Hortative | Imperative | Exclamatory/Emotive | |||
{{{3}}}라〮 ({{{4}}}lá, order) {{{1}}}고〮라〮 ({{{2}}}kwólá, request) |
{{{5}}}뎌〮 ({{{6}}}tyé), {{{21}}}쎠〮 ({{{22}}}ssyé)
{{{1}}}도〮다〮 ({{{2}}}twótá), {{{1}}}돗〮다〮 ({{{2}}}twóstá) {{{23}}}라〮 ({{{24}}}lá) | ||||
| Selected highly deferential sentence-final forms | |||||
| Past | {{{3}}}ᅌᅵ다〮 ({{{4}}}ngìtá) {{{3}}}니〮ᅌᅵ다〮 ({{{4}}}níngìtá) |
{{{3}}}니〮ᅌᅵᆺ가〮 ({{{4}}}níngìská) | {{{3}}}니〮ᅌᅵᆺ고〮 ({{{4}}}níngìskwó) | no separate forms | {{{7}}}ᅌᅵ다〮 ({{{8}}}ngìtá) |
| Present | {{{9}}}ᄂᆞᅌᅵ다〮 ({{{10}}}nòngìtá) {{{9}}}ᄂᆞ니〮ᅌᅵ다〮 ({{{10}}}nòníngìtá) |
{{{9}}}ᄂᆞ니〮ᅌᅵᆺ가〮 ({{{10}}}nòníngìská) | {{{9}}}ᄂᆞ니〮ᅌᅵᆺ고〮 ({{{10}}}nòníngìskwó) | {{{9}}}노〮ᅌᅵ다〮 ({{{10}}}nwóngìtá) | |
| Conjectural | {{{3}}}리〮ᅌᅵ다〮 ({{{4}}}língìtá) | {{{3}}}리〮ᅌᅵᆺ가〮 ({{{4}}}língìská) | {{{3}}}리〮ᅌᅵᆺ고〮 ({{{4}}}língìskwó) | {{{7}}}리〮ᅌᅵ다〮 ({{{8}}}língìtá) | |
| Retrospective/ imperfective |
{{{1}}}더〮ᅌᅵ다〮 ({{{2}}}téngìtá) {{{1}}}더〮니〮ᅌᅵ다〮 ({{{2}}}téníngìtá) |
{{{1}}}더〮니〮ᅌᅵᆺ가〮 ({{{2}}}téníngìská) | {{{1}}}더〮니〮ᅌᅵᆺ고〮 ({{{2}}}téníngìskwó) | {{{1}}}다〮ᅌᅵ다〮 ({{{2}}}tángìtá) | |
| 거 (-ke-) form | {{{13}}}ᅌᅵ다〮 ({{{14}}}ngìtá) {{{13}}}니〮ᅌᅵ다〮 ({{{14}}}níngìtá) |
{{{13}}}니〮ᅌᅵᆺ가〮 ({{{14}}}níngìská) | {{{13}}}니〮ᅌᅵᆺ고〮 ({{{14}}}níngìskwó) | {{{1}}}가〮ᅌᅵ다〮 ({{{2}}}kángìtá) | |
| Promissive/Hortative | Imperative | Exclamatory/Emotive | |||
{{{3}}}쇼〮셔〮 ({{{4}}}syósyé, order) {{{1}}}고〮ᅌᅵ다〮 ({{{2}}}kngìtá, request) |
{{{1}}}도〮다〮 ({{{2}}}twótá), {{{1}}}돗〮다〮 ({{{2}}}twóstá)
{{{23}}}ᅌᅵ다〮 ({{{24}}}ngìtá) | ||||
| Selected honorific declarative forms | |||||
| Past | Present | Conjectural | Retrospective/ imperfective |
거 (-ke-) form | |
| Plain subject-honoring | {{{3}}}시〮다〮 ({{{4}}}sítá) {{{3}}}시〮니라〮 ({{{4}}}sínìlá) |
{{{3}}}시〮ᄂᆞ다〮 ({{{4}}}sínòtá) {{{3}}}시〮ᄂᆞ〮니라〮 ({{{4}}}sínónìlá) |
{{{3}}}시〮리라〮 ({{{4}}}sílìlá) | {{{1}}}더〮시다〮 ({{{2}}}tésìtá) {{{1}}}더〮시〮니라〮 ({{{2}}}tésínìlá) |
{{{25}}}시다〮 ({{{26}}}sìtá) {{{25}}}시〮니라〮 ({{{26}}}sínìlá) |
| Deferential subject-honoring | {{{3}}}시〮ᅌᅵ다〮 ({{{4}}}síngìtá) {{{3}}}시〮니〮ᅌᅵ다〮 ({{{4}}}síníngìtá) |
{{{3}}}시〮ᄂᆞ〮ᅌᅵ다〮 ({{{4}}}sínóngìtá) {{{3}}}시〮ᄂᆞ니〮ᅌᅵ다〮 ({{{4}}}sínòníngìtá) |
{{{3}}}시〮리〮ᅌᅵ다〮 ({{{4}}}sílíngìtá) | {{{1}}}더〮시〮ᅌᅵ다〮 ({{{2}}}tésíngìtá) {{{1}}}더〮시니〮ᅌᅵ다〮 ({{{2}}}tésìníngìtá) |
{{{25}}}시〮ᅌᅵ다〮 ({{{26}}}síngìtá) {{{25}}}시니〮ᅌᅵ다〮 ({{{26}}}sìníngìtá) |
| Plain object-honoring | {{{27}}}다〮 ({{{28}}}tá) {{{29}}}ᄫᆞ〮니라〮 ({{{30}}}Wónìlá) |
{{{27}}}ᄂᆞ다〮 ({{{28}}}nòtá) {{{27}}}ᄂᆞ〮니라〮 ({{{28}}}nónìlá) |
{{{29}}}ᄫᆞ〮리라〮 ({{{30}}}Wólìlá) | {{{27}}}더라〮 ({{{28}}}tèlá) {{{27}}}더〮니라〮 ({{{28}}}ténìlá) |
{{{31}}}다〮 ({{{32}}}tá) {{{33}}}니라〮 ({{{34}}}nìlá) |
| Plain subject- and object-honoring | {{{29}}}ᄫᆞ〮시다〮 ({{{30}}}Wósìtá) {{{29}}}ᄫᆞ〮시〮니라〮 ({{{30}}}Wósínìlá) |
{{{29}}}ᄫᆞ〮시〮ᄂᆞ다〮 ({{{30}}}Wósínòtá) {{{29}}}ᄫᆞ〮시ᄂᆞ〮니라〮 ({{{30}}}Wósìnónìlá) |
{{{29}}}ᄫᆞ〮시〮리라〮 ({{{30}}}Wósílìlá) | {{{27}}}더〮시다〮 ({{{28}}}tésìtá) {{{27}}}더시〮니라〮 ({{{28}}}tèsínìlá) |
{{{33}}}시다〮 ({{{34}}}sìtá) {{{31}}}시〮니라〮 ({{{32}}}sínìlá) |
| Selected connective forms | |||||
| Plain | Subject-honoring | Object-honoring | Plain | Subject-honoring | Object-honoring |
| Conjunctive/consecutive/infinitive ("and, next, then, with this, etc.") | |||||
| {{{1}}}고〮 ({{{2}}}kwó) | {{{3}}}시〮고〮 ({{{4}}}síkwó) | {{{27}}}고〮 ({{{28}}}kwó) | {{{35}}} ({{{36}}}) | {{{3}}}샤〮 ({{{4}}}syá) | {{{29}}}ᄫᅡ〮 ({{{30}}}Wá) |
| {{{3}}}며〮 ({{{4}}}myé) | {{{3}}}시〮며〮 ({{{4}}}símyé) | {{{29}}}ᄫᆞ〮며〮 ({{{30}}}Wómyé) | {{{1}}}다가〮 ({{{2}}}tàká) | {{{3}}}시〮다가〮 ({{{4}}}sítàká) | {{{27}}}다가〮 ({{{28}}}tàká) |
| Causative ("because, since, as, given that, etc.") | |||||
| {{{3}}}니〮 ({{{4}}}ní) | {{{3}}}시〮니〮 ({{{4}}}síní) | {{{29}}}ᄫᆞ〮니〮 ({{{30}}}Wóní) | {{{13}}}ᄂᆞᆯ〮 ({{{14}}}nól) | {{{25}}}시ᄂᆞᆯ〮 ({{{26}}}sìnól) | {{{31}}}ᄂᆞᆯ〮 ({{{32}}}nól) |
| Only in declarative sentences: | Only in interrogative sentences: | ||||
| {{{21}}}ᄊᆡ〮 ({{{22}}}ssóy) | {{{3}}}실〮ᄊᆡ〮 ({{{4}}}sílssóy) | {{{29}}}ᄫᆞᆯ〮ᄊᆡ〮 ({{{30}}}Wólssóy) | {{{1}}}관〮ᄃᆡ〮 ({{{2}}}kántóy) | {{{3}}}시〮관ᄃᆡ〮 ({{{4}}}síkwàntóy) | {{{27}}}관ᄃᆡ〮 ({{{28}}}kwàntóy) |
| Conditional/situating ("when, if, in response, etc.") | |||||
| {{{3}}}면〮 ({{{4}}}myén) | {{{3}}}시〮면〮 ({{{4}}}símyén) | {{{29}}}ᄫᆞ〮면〮 ({{{30}}}Wómyén) | {{{13}}}든〮 ({{{14}}}tún) | {{{25}}}시든〮 ({{{26}}}sìtún) | {{{31}}}든〮 ({{{32}}}tún) |
| {{{5}}}대〮 ({{{6}}}táy) | {{{3}}}신〮대〮 ({{{4}}}síntáy) | {{{29}}}ᄫᆞᆫ〮대〮 ({{{30}}}Wóntáy) | {{{17}}}댄〮 ({{{18}}}táyn) | {{{25}}}신댄〮 ({{{26}}}sìntáyn) | {{{37}}}댄〮 ({{{38}}}táyn) |
| Contrastive/concessive ("but, although, despite, etc.") | |||||
| {{{3}}}나〮 ({{{4}}}ná) | {{{3}}}시〮나〮 ({{{4}}}síná) | {{{29}}}ᄫᆞ〮나〮 ({{{30}}}Wóná) | {{{7}}}ᄃᆡ〮 ({{{8}}}tóy) | {{{3}}}샤〮ᄃᆡ〮 ({{{4}}}syátóy) | {{{29}}}ᄫᅩ〮ᄃᆡ〮 ({{{30}}}Wwótóy) |
| {{{5}}}ᄃᆞᆯ〮 ({{{6}}}tól) | {{{3}}}신〮ᄃᆞᆯ〮 ({{{4}}}síntól) | {{{29}}}ᄫᆞᆫ〮ᄃᆞᆯ〮 ({{{30}}}Wóntól) | {{{17}}}마ᄅᆞᆫ〮 ({{{18}}}màlón) | {{{25}}}신〮마ᄅᆞᆫ〮 ({{{26}}}sínmàlón) | {{{37}}}마ᄅᆞᆫ〮 ({{{38}}}màlón) |
| Purposive/desiderative ("in order to, as to, for, etc.") | |||||
| {{{7}}}려〮 ({{{8}}}lyé) | {{{3}}}샤〮려〮 ({{{4}}}syályé) | {{{29}}}ᄫᅩ〮려〮 ({{{30}}}Wwólyé) | Not used for verbs of state or movement: | ||
| {{{3}}}라〮 ({{{4}}}lá) | {{{3}}}시〮라〮 ({{{4}}}sílá) | {{{29}}}ᄫᆞ〮라〮 ({{{30}}}Wólá) | |||
| Speaker desires their own action: | Speaker desires another's action: | ||||
| {{{1}}}고〮져〮 ({{{2}}}kwócyé) | {{{3}}}시〮고져〮 ({{{4}}}síkwòcyé) | {{{27}}}고져〮 ({{{28}}}kwòcyé) | {{{19}}}뎌〮 ({{{20}}}tyé) | {{{3}}}시〮과뎌〮 ({{{4}}}síkwàtyé) | {{{27}}}과뎌〮 ({{{28}}}kwàtyé) |
| Adnominal/gerundive forms | |||||
| Past | Present | Conjectural | Retrospective/ imperfective |
거 (-ke-) form | |
| Unmodulated non-honorific | {{{5}}} ({{{6}}}) | {{{9}}}ᄂᆞᆫ ({{{10}}}nòn) | {{{11}}} ({{{12}}}) | {{{1}}}던〮 ({{{2}}}tén) | {{{1}}}건 ({{{2}}}kèn) |
| Modulated non-honorific | {{{39}}} ({{{40}}}) | {{{9}}}논〮 ({{{10}}}nwón) | {{{41}}} ({{{42}}}) | {{{1}}}단〮 ({{{2}}}tán) | not used outside fossilized compounds |
| Unmodulated subject-honoring | {{{3}}}신〮 ({{{4}}}sín) | {{{3}}}시〮ᄂᆞᆫ〮 ({{{4}}}sínón) | {{{3}}}시ᇙ〮 ({{{4}}}sílq) | {{{1}}}더〮신〮 ({{{2}}}tésín) | |
| Unmodulated object-honoring | {{{29}}}ᄫᆞᆫ〮 ({{{30}}}Wón) | {{{27}}}ᄂᆞᆫ〮 ({{{28}}}nón) | {{{29}}}ᄫᆞᇙ〮 ({{{30}}}Wólq) | {{{27}}}던〮 ({{{28}}}tén) | |
| Substantive forms | |||||
| Plain | Subject-honoring | Object-honoring | |||
{{{43}}} ({{{44}}}) |
{{{3}}}샴〮 ({{{4}}}syám) |
{{{29}}}ᄫᅩᆷ〮 ({{{30}}}Wwóm)
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