| Selected conjugations of {{{1}}}다〮 ({{{2}}}tá), Accentual class R | |||||
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Note that some forms are merely hypothetical, such as the object-honoring forms of most adjectival verbs.
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| Selected plain sentence-final forms | |||||
| Declarative | Interrogative | Modulated declarative | |||
| Polar question | Wh-word question | Second-person subject | |||
| Past | {{{1}}}다〮 ({{{2}}}tá) {{{3}}}니라〮 ({{{4}}}nìlá) |
{{{5}}}가〮 ({{{6}}}ká) {{{7}}}녀〮 ({{{8}}}nyé) |
{{{5}}}고〮 ({{{6}}}kwó) {{{7}}}뇨〮 ({{{8}}}nyó) |
{{{5}}}다〮 ({{{6}}}tá) | {{{9}}}라〮 ({{{10}}}lá) |
| Present | {{{1}}}ᄂᆞ다〮 ({{{2}}}nòtá) {{{1}}}ᄂᆞ〮니라〮 ({{{2}}}nónìlá) |
{{{1}}}ᄂᆞᆫ가〮 ({{{2}}}nònká) {{{1}}}ᄂᆞ녀〮 ({{{2}}}nònyé) |
{{{1}}}ᄂᆞᆫ고〮 ({{{2}}}nònkwó) {{{1}}}ᄂᆞ뇨〮 ({{{2}}}nònyó) |
{{{1}}}ᄂᆞᆫ다〮 ({{{2}}}nòntá) | {{{1}}}노라〮 ({{{2}}}nwòlá) |
| Conjectural | {{{11}}}리라〮 ({{{12}}}lìlá) | {{{13}}}가〮 ({{{14}}}ká) {{{15}}}려〮 ({{{16}}}lyé) |
{{{13}}}고〮 ({{{14}}}kwó) {{{15}}}료〮 ({{{16}}}lyó) |
{{{13}}}다〮 ({{{14}}}tá) | {{{17}}}리라〮 ({{{18}}}lìlá) |
| Retrospective/ imperfective |
{{{1}}}더라〮 ({{{2}}}tèlá) {{{1}}}더〮니라〮 ({{{2}}}ténìlá) |
{{{1}}}던가〮 ({{{2}}}tènká) {{{1}}}더녀〮 ({{{2}}}tènyé) |
{{{1}}}던고〮 ({{{2}}}tènkwó) {{{1}}}더뇨〮 ({{{2}}}tènyó) |
{{{1}}}던다〮 ({{{2}}}tèntá) | {{{1}}}다라〮 ({{{2}}}tàlá) |
| 거 (-ke-) form | {{{19}}}다〮 ({{{20}}}tá) {{{21}}}니라〮 ({{{22}}}nìlá) |
{{{19}}}녀〮 ({{{20}}}nyé) | {{{19}}}뇨〮 ({{{20}}}nyó) | {{{23}}}다〮 ({{{24}}}tá) | {{{25}}}과라〮 ({{{26}}}kwàlá) |
| Promissive/Hortative | Imperative | Exclamatory/Emotive | |||
{{{3}}}라〮 ({{{4}}}lá, order) {{{25}}}고라〮 ({{{26}}}kwòlá, request) |
{{{5}}}뎌〮 ({{{6}}}tyé), {{{27}}}쎠〮 ({{{28}}}ssyé)
{{{1}}}도다〮 ({{{2}}}twòtá), {{{1}}}돗다〮 ({{{2}}}twòstá) {{{29}}}라〮 ({{{30}}}lá) | ||||
| Selected highly deferential sentence-final forms | |||||
| Past | {{{3}}}ᅌᅵ다〮 ({{{4}}}ngìtá) {{{7}}}니〮ᅌᅵ다〮 ({{{8}}}níngìtá) |
{{{7}}}니〮ᅌᅵᆺ가〮 ({{{8}}}níngìská) | {{{7}}}니〮ᅌᅵᆺ고〮 ({{{8}}}níngìskwó) | no separate forms | {{{17}}}ᅌᅵ다〮 ({{{18}}}ngìtá) |
| Present | {{{1}}}ᄂᆞ〮ᅌᅵ다〮 ({{{2}}}nóngìtá) {{{1}}}ᄂᆞ니〮ᅌᅵ다〮 ({{{2}}}nòníngìtá) |
{{{1}}}ᄂᆞ니〮ᅌᅵᆺ가〮 ({{{2}}}nòníngìská) | {{{1}}}ᄂᆞ니〮ᅌᅵᆺ고〮 ({{{2}}}nòníngìskwó) | {{{1}}}노〮ᅌᅵ다〮 ({{{2}}}nwóngìtá) | |
| Conjectural | {{{7}}}리〮ᅌᅵ다〮 ({{{8}}}língìtá) | {{{7}}}리〮ᅌᅵᆺ가〮 ({{{8}}}língìská) | {{{7}}}리〮ᅌᅵᆺ고〮 ({{{8}}}língìskwó) | {{{9}}}리〮ᅌᅵ다〮 ({{{10}}}língìtá) | |
| Retrospective/ imperfective |
{{{1}}}더〮ᅌᅵ다〮 ({{{2}}}téngìtá) {{{1}}}더니〮ᅌᅵ다〮 ({{{2}}}tèníngìtá) |
{{{1}}}더니〮ᅌᅵᆺ가〮 ({{{2}}}tèníngìská) | {{{1}}}더니〮ᅌᅵᆺ고〮 ({{{2}}}tèníngìskwó) | {{{1}}}다〮ᅌᅵ다〮 ({{{2}}}tángìtá) | |
| 거 (-ke-) form | {{{21}}}ᅌᅵ다〮 ({{{22}}}ngìtá) {{{19}}}니〮ᅌᅵ다〮 ({{{20}}}níngìtá) |
{{{19}}}니〮ᅌᅵᆺ가〮 ({{{20}}}níngìská) | {{{19}}}니〮ᅌᅵᆺ고〮 ({{{20}}}níngìskwó) | {{{31}}}ᅌᅵ다〮 ({{{32}}}ngìtá) | |
| Promissive/Hortative | Imperative | Exclamatory/Emotive | |||
{{{3}}}쇼셔〮 ({{{4}}}syòsyé, order) {{{25}}}고〮ᅌᅵ다〮 ({{{26}}}kwóngìtá, request) |
{{{1}}}도다〮 ({{{2}}}twòtá), {{{1}}}돗다〮 ({{{2}}}twòstá)
{{{33}}}ᅌᅵ다〮 ({{{34}}}ngìtá) | ||||
| Selected honorific declarative forms | |||||
| Past | Present | Conjectural | Retrospective/ imperfective |
거 (-ke-) form | |
| Plain subject-honoring | {{{35}}}시다〮 ({{{36}}}sìtá) {{{37}}}시〮니라〮 ({{{38}}}sínìlá) |
{{{37}}}시〮ᄂᆞ다〮 ({{{38}}}sínòtá) {{{35}}}시ᄂᆞ〮니라〮 ({{{36}}}sìnónìlá) |
{{{37}}}시〮리라〮 ({{{38}}}sílìlá) | {{{1}}}더〮시다〮 ({{{2}}}tésìtá) {{{1}}}더시〮니라〮 ({{{2}}}tèsínìlá) |
{{{21}}}시다〮 ({{{22}}}sìtá) {{{19}}}시〮니라〮 ({{{20}}}sínìlá) |
| Deferential subject-honoring | {{{37}}}시〮ᅌᅵ다〮 ({{{38}}}síngìtá) {{{35}}}시니〮ᅌᅵ다〮 ({{{36}}}sìníngìtá) |
{{{35}}}시ᄂᆞ〮ᅌᅵ다〮 ({{{36}}}sìnóngìtá) {{{37}}}시〮ᄂᆞ니〮ᅌᅵ다〮 ({{{38}}}sínòníngìtá) |
{{{35}}}시리〮ᅌᅵ다〮 ({{{36}}}sílíngìtá) | {{{1}}}더시〮ᅌᅵ다〮 ({{{2}}}tèsíngìtá) {{{1}}}더〮시니〮ᅌᅵ다〮 ({{{2}}}tésìníngìtá) |
{{{19}}}시〮ᅌᅵ다〮 ({{{20}}}síngìtá) {{{21}}}시니〮ᅌᅵ다〮 ({{{22}}}sìníngìtá) |
| Plain object-honoring | {{{1}}}ᄉᆞᆸ〯다〮 ({{{2}}}sǒptá) {{{1}}}ᄉᆞᄫᆞ〮니라〮 ({{{2}}}sòWónìlá) |
{{{1}}}ᄉᆞᆸ〯ᄂᆞ다〮 ({{{2}}}sǒpnòtá) {{{1}}}ᄉᆞᆸ〯ᄂᆞ〮니라〮 ({{{2}}}sǒpnónìlá) |
{{{1}}}ᄉᆞᄫᆞ〮리라〮 ({{{2}}}sòWólìlá) | {{{1}}}ᄉᆞᆸ〯더라〮 ({{{2}}}sǒptèlá) {{{1}}}ᄉᆞᆸ〯더〮니라〮 ({{{2}}}sǒpténìlá) |
{{{39}}}다〮 ({{{40}}}tá) {{{41}}}니라〮 ({{{42}}}nìlá) |
| Plain subject- and object-honoring | {{{1}}}ᄉᆞᄫᆞ〮시다〮 ({{{2}}}sòWósìtá) {{{1}}}ᄉᆞᄫᆞ〮시〮니라〮 ({{{2}}}sòWósínìlá) |
{{{1}}}ᄉᆞᄫᆞ〮시〮ᄂᆞ다〮 ({{{2}}}sòWósínòtá) {{{1}}}ᄉᆞᄫᆞ〮시ᄂᆞ〮니라〮 ({{{2}}}sòWósìnónìlá) |
{{{1}}}ᄉᆞᄫᆞ〮시〮리라〮 ({{{2}}}sòWósílìlá) | {{{1}}}ᄉᆞᆸ〯더〮시다〮 ({{{2}}}sǒptésìtá) {{{1}}}ᄉᆞᆸ〯더시〮니라〮 ({{{2}}}sǒptèsínìlá) |
{{{41}}}시다〮 ({{{42}}}sìtá) {{{39}}}시〮니라〮 ({{{40}}}sínìlá) |
| Selected connective forms | |||||
| Plain | Subject-honoring | Object-honoring | Plain | Subject-honoring | Object-honoring |
| Conjunctive/consecutive/infinitive ("and, next, then, with this, etc.") | |||||
| {{{25}}}고〮 ({{{26}}}kwó) | {{{35}}}시고〮 ({{{36}}}sìkwó) | {{{1}}}ᄉᆞᆸ〯고〮 ({{{2}}}sǒpkwó) | {{{43}}} ({{{44}}}) | {{{37}}}샤〮 ({{{38}}}syá) | {{{1}}}ᄉᆞᄫᅡ〮 ({{{2}}}sòWá) |
| {{{15}}}며〮 ({{{16}}}myé) | {{{35}}}시며〮 ({{{36}}}sìmyé) | {{{1}}}ᄉᆞᄫᆞ〮며〮 ({{{2}}}sòWómyé) | {{{1}}}다가〮 ({{{2}}}tàká) | {{{37}}}시〮다가〮 ({{{38}}}sítàká) | {{{1}}}ᄉᆞᆸ〯다가〮 ({{{2}}}sǒptàká) |
| Causative ("because, since, as, given that, etc.") | |||||
| {{{7}}}니〮 ({{{8}}}ní) | {{{35}}}시니〮 ({{{36}}}sìní) | {{{1}}}ᄉᆞᄫᆞ〮니〮 ({{{2}}}sòWóní) | {{{19}}}ᄂᆞᆯ〮 ({{{20}}}nól) | {{{21}}}시ᄂᆞᆯ〮 ({{{22}}}sìnól) | {{{39}}}ᄂᆞᆯ〮 ({{{40}}}nól) |
| Only in declarative sentences: | Only in interrogative sentences: | ||||
| {{{27}}}ᄊᆡ〮 ({{{28}}}ssóy) | {{{35}}}실ᄊᆡ〮 ({{{36}}}sìlssóy) | {{{1}}}ᄉᆞᄫᆞᆯ〮ᄊᆡ〮 ({{{2}}}sòWólssóy) | {{{45}}}ᄃᆡ〮 ({{{46}}}tóy) | {{{37}}}시〮관ᄃᆡ〮 ({{{38}}}síkwàntóy) | {{{1}}}ᄉᆞᆸ〯관ᄃᆡ〮 ({{{2}}}sǒpkwàntóy) |
| Conditional/situating ("when, if, in response, etc.") | |||||
| {{{15}}}면〮 ({{{16}}}myén) | {{{35}}}시면〮 ({{{36}}}sìmyén) | {{{1}}}ᄉᆞᄫᆞ〮면〮 ({{{2}}}sòWómyén) | {{{19}}}든〮 ({{{20}}}tún) | {{{21}}}시든〮 ({{{22}}}sìtún) | {{{39}}}든〮 ({{{40}}}tún) |
| {{{5}}}대〮 ({{{6}}}táy) | {{{35}}}신대〮 ({{{36}}}sìntáy) | {{{1}}}ᄉᆞᄫᆞᆫ〮대〮 ({{{2}}}sòWóntáy) | {{{23}}}댄〮 ({{{24}}}táyn) | {{{21}}}신댄〮 ({{{22}}}sìntáyn) | {{{47}}}댄〮 ({{{48}}}táyn) |
| Contrastive/concessive ("but, although, despite, etc.") | |||||
| {{{7}}}나〮 ({{{8}}}ná) | {{{35}}}시나〮 ({{{36}}}sìná) | {{{1}}}ᄉᆞᄫᆞ〮나〮 ({{{2}}}sòWóná) | {{{9}}}ᄃᆡ〮 ({{{10}}}tóy) | {{{35}}}샤ᄃᆡ〮 ({{{36}}}syàtóy) | {{{1}}}ᄉᆞᄫᅩ〮ᄃᆡ〮 ({{{2}}}sòWwótóy) |
| {{{5}}}ᄃᆞᆯ〮 ({{{6}}}tól) | {{{35}}}신ᄃᆞᆯ〮 ({{{36}}}sìntól) | {{{1}}}ᄉᆞᄫᆞᆫ〮ᄃᆞᆯ〮 ({{{2}}}sòWóntól) | {{{49}}}마ᄅᆞᆫ〮 ({{{50}}}màlón) | {{{19}}}신〮마ᄅᆞᆫ〮 ({{{20}}}sínmàlón) | {{{51}}}마ᄅᆞᆫ〮 ({{{52}}}màlón) |
| Purposive/desiderative ("in order to, as to, for, etc.") | |||||
| {{{9}}}려〮 ({{{10}}}lyé) | {{{35}}}샤려〮 ({{{36}}}syàlyé) | {{{1}}}ᄉᆞᄫᅩ〮려〮 ({{{2}}}sòWwólyé) | Not used for verbs of state or movement: | ||
| {{{7}}}라〮 ({{{8}}}lá) | {{{35}}}시라〮 ({{{36}}}sìlá) | {{{1}}}ᄉᆞᄫᆞ〮라〮 ({{{2}}}sòWólá) | |||
| Speaker desires their own action: | Speaker desires another's action: | ||||
| {{{25}}}고져〮 ({{{26}}}kwòcyé) | {{{37}}}시〮고져〮 ({{{38}}}síkwòcyé) | {{{1}}}ᄉᆞᆸ〯고져〮 ({{{2}}}sǒpkwòcyé) | {{{25}}}과뎌〮 ({{{26}}}kwàtyé) | {{{37}}}시〮과뎌〮 ({{{38}}}síkwàtyé) | {{{1}}}ᄉᆞᆸ〯과뎌〮 ({{{2}}}sǒpkwàtyé) |
| Adnominal/gerundive forms | |||||
| Past | Present | Conjectural | Retrospective/ imperfective |
거 (-ke-) form | |
| Unmodulated non-honorific | {{{53}}} ({{{54}}}) | {{{1}}}ᄂᆞᆫ〮 ({{{2}}}nón) | {{{55}}} ({{{56}}}) | {{{1}}}던〮 ({{{2}}}tén) | {{{1}}}건〮 ({{{2}}}kén) |
| Modulated non-honorific | {{{57}}} ({{{58}}}) | {{{1}}}논〮 ({{{2}}}nwón) | {{{59}}} ({{{60}}}) | {{{1}}}단〮 ({{{2}}}tán) | not used outside fossilized compounds |
| Unmodulated subject-honoring | {{{37}}}신〮 ({{{38}}}sín) | {{{35}}}시ᄂᆞᆫ〮 ({{{36}}}sìnón) | {{{37}}}시ᇙ〮 ({{{38}}}sílq) | {{{1}}}더신〮 ({{{2}}}tèsín) | |
| Unmodulated object-honoring | {{{1}}}ᄉᆞᄫᆞᆫ〮 ({{{2}}}sòWón) | {{{1}}}ᄉᆞᆸ〯ᄂᆞᆫ〮 ({{{2}}}sǒpnón) | {{{1}}}ᄉᆞᄫᆞᇙ〮 ({{{2}}}sòWólq) | {{{1}}}ᄉᆞᆸ〯던〮 ({{{2}}}sǒptén) | |
| Substantive forms | |||||
| Plain | Subject-honoring | Object-honoring | |||
{{{61}}} ({{{62}}}) |
{{{37}}}샴〮 ({{{38}}}syám) |
{{{1}}}ᄉᆞᄫᅩᆷ〮 ({{{2}}}sòWwóm)
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