| Selected conjugations of {{{1}}}다〮 ({{{2}}}tá), Accentual class R! | |||||
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Note that some forms are merely hypothetical, such as the object-honoring forms of most adjectival verbs.
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| Selected plain sentence-final forms | |||||
| Declarative | Interrogative | Modulated declarative | |||
| Polar question | Wh-word question | Second-person subject | |||
| Past | {{{1}}}다〮 ({{{2}}}tá) {{{3}}}니라〮 ({{{4}}}nìlá) |
{{{5}}}가〮 ({{{6}}}ká) {{{3}}}녀〮 ({{{4}}}nyé) |
{{{5}}}고〮 ({{{6}}}kwó) {{{3}}}뇨〮 ({{{4}}}nyó) |
{{{5}}}다〮 ({{{6}}}tá) | {{{7}}}라〮 ({{{8}}}lá) |
| Present | {{{1}}}ᄂᆞ다〮 ({{{2}}}nòtá) {{{1}}}ᄂᆞ〮니라〮 ({{{2}}}nónìlá) |
{{{1}}}ᄂᆞᆫ가〮 ({{{2}}}nònká) {{{1}}}ᄂᆞ녀〮 ({{{2}}}nònyé) |
{{{1}}}ᄂᆞᆫ고〮 ({{{2}}}nònkwó) {{{1}}}ᄂᆞ뇨〮 ({{{2}}}nònyó) |
{{{1}}}ᄂᆞᆫ다〮 ({{{2}}}nòntá) | {{{1}}}노라〮 ({{{2}}}nwòlá) |
| Conjectural | {{{9}}}리라〮 ({{{10}}}lìlá) | {{{11}}}가〮 ({{{12}}}ká) {{{9}}}려〮 ({{{10}}}lyé) |
{{{11}}}고〮 ({{{12}}}kwó) {{{9}}}료〮 ({{{10}}}lyó) |
{{{11}}}다〮 ({{{12}}}tá) | {{{7}}}리라〮 ({{{8}}}lìlá) |
| Retrospective/ imperfective |
{{{1}}}더라〮 ({{{2}}}tèlá) {{{1}}}더〮니라〮 ({{{2}}}ténìlá) |
{{{1}}}던가〮 ({{{2}}}tènká) {{{1}}}더녀〮 ({{{2}}}tènyé) |
{{{1}}}던고〮 ({{{2}}}tènkwó) {{{1}}}더뇨〮 ({{{2}}}tènyó) |
{{{1}}}던다〮 ({{{2}}}tèntá) | {{{1}}}다라〮 ({{{2}}}tàlá) |
| 거 (-ke-) form | {{{13}}}다〮 ({{{14}}}tá) {{{15}}}니라〮 ({{{16}}}nìlá) |
{{{13}}}녀〮 ({{{14}}}nyé) | {{{13}}}뇨〮 ({{{14}}}nyó) | {{{17}}}다〮 ({{{18}}}tá) | {{{19}}}과라〮 ({{{20}}}kwàlá) |
| Promissive/Hortative | Imperative | Exclamatory/Emotive | |||
{{{3}}}라〮 ({{{4}}}lá, order) {{{19}}}고라〮 ({{{20}}}kwòlá, request) |
{{{5}}}뎌〮 ({{{6}}}tyé), {{{21}}}쎠〮 ({{{22}}}ssyé)
{{{1}}}도다〮 ({{{2}}}twòtá), {{{1}}}돗다〮 ({{{2}}}twòstá) {{{23}}}라〮 ({{{24}}}lá) | ||||
| Selected highly deferential sentence-final forms | |||||
| Past | {{{3}}}ᅌᅵ다〮 ({{{4}}}ngìtá) {{{3}}}니〮ᅌᅵ다〮 ({{{4}}}níngìtá) |
{{{3}}}니〮ᅌᅵᆺ가〮 ({{{4}}}níngìská) | {{{3}}}니〮ᅌᅵᆺ고〮 ({{{4}}}níngìskwó) | no separate forms | {{{7}}}ᅌᅵ다〮 ({{{8}}}ngìtá) |
| Present | {{{1}}}ᄂᆞ〮ᅌᅵ다〮 ({{{2}}}nóngìtá) {{{1}}}ᄂᆞ니〮ᅌᅵ다〮 ({{{2}}}nòníngìtá) |
{{{1}}}ᄂᆞ니〮ᅌᅵᆺ가〮 ({{{2}}}nòníngìská) | {{{1}}}ᄂᆞ니〮ᅌᅵᆺ고〮 ({{{2}}}nòníngìskwó) | {{{1}}}노〮ᅌᅵ다〮 ({{{2}}}nwóngìtá) | |
| Conjectural | {{{3}}}리〮ᅌᅵ다〮 ({{{4}}}língìtá) | {{{3}}}리〮ᅌᅵᆺ가〮 ({{{4}}}língìská) | {{{3}}}리〮ᅌᅵᆺ고〮 ({{{4}}}língìskwó) | {{{7}}}리〮ᅌᅵ다〮 ({{{8}}}língìtá) | |
| Retrospective/ imperfective |
{{{1}}}더〮ᅌᅵ다〮 ({{{2}}}téngìtá) {{{1}}}더니〮ᅌᅵ다〮 ({{{2}}}tèníngìtá) |
{{{1}}}더니〮ᅌᅵᆺ가〮 ({{{2}}}tèníngìská) | {{{1}}}더니〮ᅌᅵᆺ고〮 ({{{2}}}tèníngìskwó) | {{{1}}}다〮ᅌᅵ다〮 ({{{2}}}tángìtá) | |
| 거 (-ke-) form | {{{15}}}ᅌᅵ다〮 ({{{16}}}ngìtá) {{{13}}}니〮ᅌᅵ다〮 ({{{14}}}níngìtá) |
{{{13}}}니〮ᅌᅵᆺ가〮 ({{{14}}}níngìská) | {{{13}}}니〮ᅌᅵᆺ고〮 ({{{14}}}níngìskwó) | {{{25}}}ᅌᅵ다〮 ({{{26}}}ngìtá) | |
| Promissive/Hortative | Imperative | Exclamatory/Emotive | |||
{{{3}}}쇼셔〮 ({{{4}}}syòsyé, order) {{{19}}}고〮ᅌᅵ다〮 ({{{20}}}kwóngìtá, request) |
{{{1}}}도다〮 ({{{2}}}twòtá), {{{1}}}돗다〮 ({{{2}}}twòstá)
{{{23}}}ᅌᅵ다〮 ({{{24}}}ngìtá) | ||||
| Selected honorific declarative forms | |||||
| Past | Present | Conjectural | Retrospective/ imperfective |
거 (-ke-) form | |
| Plain subject-honoring | {{{27}}}시다〮 ({{{28}}}sìtá) {{{27}}}시〮니라〮 ({{{28}}}sínìlá) |
{{{27}}}시〮ᄂᆞ다〮 ({{{28}}}sínòtá) {{{27}}}시ᄂᆞ〮니라〮 ({{{28}}}sìnónìlá) |
{{{27}}}시〮리라〮 ({{{28}}}sílìlá) | {{{1}}}더〮시다〮 ({{{2}}}tésìtá) {{{1}}}더시〮니라〮 ({{{2}}}tèsínìlá) |
{{{15}}}시다〮 ({{{16}}}sìtá) {{{13}}}시〮니라〮 ({{{14}}}sínìlá) |
| Deferential subject-honoring | {{{27}}}시〮ᅌᅵ다〮 ({{{28}}}síngìtá) {{{27}}}시니〮ᅌᅵ다〮 ({{{28}}}sìníngìtá) |
{{{27}}}시ᄂᆞ〮ᅌᅵ다〮 ({{{28}}}sìnóngìtá) {{{27}}}시〮ᄂᆞ니〮ᅌᅵ다〮 ({{{28}}}sínòníngìtá) |
{{{27}}}시리〮ᅌᅵ다〮 ({{{28}}}sílíngìtá) | {{{1}}}더시〮ᅌᅵ다〮 ({{{2}}}tèsíngìtá) {{{1}}}더〮시니〮ᅌᅵ다〮 ({{{2}}}tésìníngìtá) |
{{{13}}}시〮ᅌᅵ다〮 ({{{14}}}síngìtá) {{{15}}}시니〮ᅌᅵ다〮 ({{{16}}}sìníngìtá) |
| Plain object-honoring | {{{1}}}ᄉᆞᆸ〯다〮 ({{{2}}}sǒptá) {{{1}}}ᄉᆞᄫᆞ〮니라〮 ({{{2}}}sòWónìlá) |
{{{1}}}ᄉᆞᆸ〯ᄂᆞ다〮 ({{{2}}}sǒpnòtá) {{{1}}}ᄉᆞᆸ〯ᄂᆞ〮니라〮 ({{{2}}}sǒpnónìlá) |
{{{1}}}ᄉᆞᄫᆞ〮리라〮 ({{{2}}}sòWólìlá) | {{{1}}}ᄉᆞᆸ〯더라〮 ({{{2}}}sǒptèlá) {{{1}}}ᄉᆞᆸ〯더〮니라〮 ({{{2}}}sǒpténìlá) |
{{{29}}}다〮 ({{{30}}}tá) {{{31}}}니라〮 ({{{32}}}nìlá) |
| Plain subject- and object-honoring | {{{1}}}ᄉᆞᄫᆞ〮시다〮 ({{{2}}}sòWósìtá) {{{1}}}ᄉᆞᄫᆞ〮시〮니라〮 ({{{2}}}sòWósínìlá) |
{{{1}}}ᄉᆞᄫᆞ〮시〮ᄂᆞ다〮 ({{{2}}}sòWósínòtá) {{{1}}}ᄉᆞᄫᆞ〮시ᄂᆞ〮니라〮 ({{{2}}}sòWósìnónìlá) |
{{{1}}}ᄉᆞᄫᆞ〮시〮리라〮 ({{{2}}}sòWósílìlá) | {{{1}}}ᄉᆞᆸ〯더〮시다〮 ({{{2}}}sǒptésìtá) {{{1}}}ᄉᆞᆸ〯더시〮니라〮 ({{{2}}}sǒptèsínìlá) |
{{{31}}}시다〮 ({{{32}}}sìtá) {{{29}}}시〮니라〮 ({{{30}}}sínìlá) |
| Selected connective forms | |||||
| Plain | Subject-honoring | Object-honoring | Plain | Subject-honoring | Object-honoring |
| Conjunctive/consecutive/infinitive ("and, next, then, with this, etc.") | |||||
| {{{19}}}고〮 ({{{20}}}kwó) | {{{27}}}시고〮 ({{{28}}}sìkwó) | {{{1}}}ᄉᆞᆸ〯고〮 ({{{2}}}sǒpkwó) | {{{33}}} ({{{34}}}) | {{{27}}}샤〮 ({{{28}}}syá) | {{{1}}}ᄉᆞᄫᅡ〮 ({{{2}}}sòWá) |
| {{{9}}}며〮 ({{{10}}}myé) | {{{27}}}시며〮 ({{{28}}}sìmyé) | {{{1}}}ᄉᆞᄫᆞ〮며〮 ({{{2}}}sòWómyé) | {{{1}}}다가〮 ({{{2}}}tàká) | {{{27}}}시〮다가〮 ({{{28}}}sítàká) | {{{1}}}ᄉᆞᆸ〯다가〮 ({{{2}}}sǒptàká) |
| Causative ("because, since, as, given that, etc.") | |||||
| {{{3}}}니〮 ({{{4}}}ní) | {{{27}}}시니〮 ({{{28}}}sìní) | {{{1}}}ᄉᆞᄫᆞ〮니〮 ({{{2}}}sòWóní) | {{{13}}}ᄂᆞᆯ〮 ({{{14}}}nól) | {{{15}}}시ᄂᆞᆯ〮 ({{{16}}}sìnól) | {{{29}}}ᄂᆞᆯ〮 ({{{30}}}nól) |
| Only in declarative sentences: | Only in interrogative sentences: | ||||
| {{{21}}}ᄊᆡ〮 ({{{22}}}ssóy) | {{{27}}}실ᄊᆡ〮 ({{{28}}}sìlssóy) | {{{1}}}ᄉᆞᄫᆞᆯ〮ᄊᆡ〮 ({{{2}}}sòWólssóy) | {{{35}}}ᄃᆡ〮 ({{{36}}}tóy) | {{{27}}}시〮관ᄃᆡ〮 ({{{28}}}síkwàntóy) | {{{1}}}ᄉᆞᆸ〯관ᄃᆡ〮 ({{{2}}}sǒpkwàntóy) |
| Conditional/situating ("when, if, in response, etc.") | |||||
| {{{9}}}면〮 ({{{10}}}myén) | {{{27}}}시면〮 ({{{28}}}sìmyén) | {{{1}}}ᄉᆞᄫᆞ〮면〮 ({{{2}}}sòWómyén) | {{{13}}}든〮 ({{{14}}}tún) | {{{15}}}시든〮 ({{{16}}}sìtún) | {{{29}}}든〮 ({{{30}}}tún) |
| {{{5}}}대〮 ({{{6}}}táy) | {{{27}}}신대〮 ({{{28}}}sìntáy) | {{{1}}}ᄉᆞᄫᆞᆫ〮대〮 ({{{2}}}sòWóntáy) | {{{17}}}댄〮 ({{{18}}}táyn) | {{{15}}}신댄〮 ({{{16}}}sìntáyn) | {{{37}}}댄〮 ({{{38}}}táyn) |
| Contrastive/concessive ("but, although, despite, etc.") | |||||
| {{{3}}}나〮 ({{{4}}}ná) | {{{27}}}시나〮 ({{{28}}}sìná) | {{{1}}}ᄉᆞᄫᆞ〮나〮 ({{{2}}}sòWóná) | {{{7}}}ᄃᆡ〮 ({{{8}}}tóy) | {{{27}}}샤ᄃᆡ〮 ({{{28}}}syàtóy) | {{{1}}}ᄉᆞᄫᅩ〮ᄃᆡ〮 ({{{2}}}sòWwótóy) |
| {{{5}}}ᄃᆞᆯ〮 ({{{6}}}tól) | {{{27}}}신ᄃᆞᆯ〮 ({{{28}}}sìntól) | {{{1}}}ᄉᆞᄫᆞᆫ〮ᄃᆞᆯ〮 ({{{2}}}sòWóntól) | {{{39}}}마ᄅᆞᆫ〮 ({{{40}}}màlón) | {{{13}}}신〮마ᄅᆞᆫ〮 ({{{14}}}sínmàlón) | {{{41}}}마ᄅᆞᆫ〮 ({{{42}}}màlón) |
| Purposive/desiderative ("in order to, as to, for, etc.") | |||||
| {{{7}}}려〮 ({{{8}}}lyé) | {{{27}}}샤려〮 ({{{28}}}syàlyé) | {{{1}}}ᄉᆞᄫᅩ〮려〮 ({{{2}}}sòWwólyé) | Not used for verbs of state or movement: | ||
| {{{3}}}라〮 ({{{4}}}lá) | {{{27}}}시라〮 ({{{28}}}sìlá) | {{{1}}}ᄉᆞᄫᆞ〮라〮 ({{{2}}}sòWólá) | |||
| Speaker desires their own action: | Speaker desires another's action: | ||||
| {{{19}}}고져〮 ({{{20}}}kwòcyé) | {{{27}}}시〮고져〮 ({{{28}}}síkwòcyé) | {{{1}}}ᄉᆞᆸ〯고져〮 ({{{2}}}sǒpkwòcyé) | {{{19}}}과뎌〮 ({{{20}}}kwàtyé) | {{{27}}}시〮과뎌〮 ({{{28}}}síkwàtyé) | {{{1}}}ᄉᆞᆸ〯과뎌〮 ({{{2}}}sǒpkwàtyé) |
| Adnominal/gerundive forms | |||||
| Past | Present | Conjectural | Retrospective/ imperfective |
거 (-ke-) form | |
| Unmodulated non-honorific | {{{5}}} ({{{6}}}) | {{{1}}}ᄂᆞᆫ〮 ({{{2}}}nón) | {{{11}}} ({{{12}}}) | {{{1}}}던〮 ({{{2}}}tén) | {{{1}}}건〮 ({{{2}}}kén) |
| Modulated non-honorific | {{{43}}} ({{{44}}}) | {{{1}}}논〮 ({{{2}}}nwón) | {{{45}}} ({{{46}}}) | {{{1}}}단〮 ({{{2}}}tán) | not used outside fossilized compounds |
| Unmodulated subject-honoring | {{{27}}}신〮 ({{{28}}}sín) | {{{27}}}시ᄂᆞᆫ〮 ({{{28}}}sìnón) | {{{27}}}시ᇙ〮 ({{{28}}}sílq) | {{{1}}}더신〮 ({{{2}}}tèsín) | |
| Unmodulated object-honoring | {{{1}}}ᄉᆞᄫᆞᆫ〮 ({{{2}}}sòWón) | {{{1}}}ᄉᆞᆸ〯ᄂᆞᆫ〮 ({{{2}}}sǒpnón) | {{{1}}}ᄉᆞᄫᆞᇙ〮 ({{{2}}}sòWólq) | {{{1}}}ᄉᆞᆸ〯던〮 ({{{2}}}sǒptén) | |
| Substantive forms | |||||
| Plain | Subject-honoring | Object-honoring | |||
{{{47}}} ({{{48}}}) |
{{{27}}}샴〮 ({{{28}}}syám) |
{{{1}}}ᄉᆞᄫᅩᆷ〮 ({{{2}}}sòWwóm)
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