The following is an attempt at a pronunciation guide for Estonian, aimed at Lua-literate editors, who could perfect the Estonian pronunciation module and use this as a reference. The old (current) one by Thadh is definitely an improvement on whatever the original module was, but still includes a number of inaccuracies, especially regarding quantities. On this page, I outline what I have reason to believe are most of the studied phenomena of Estonian phonology, and adapt them to the platform of Wiktionary using IPA.
I have linked sources below, but some of this is my own prescriptivism, as (1) not every source describes/transcribes a specific phenomenon the same way; (2) not every source uses IPA, or uses a version of it that is more understandable to Estonian natives; (3) as a native, there are some phenomena described in some of the sources that I believe to be uncommon or irrelevant for this platform, and (4) some liberties need to be taken anyway, as we are adapting to Wiktionary and not for an academic publication. The sources are (mostly) available online and I encourage you to check them out, if you have interest or time.
In preparation for this guide, I extracted everything I believed to be relevant from the sources, but I don't mind anybody double checking. Obviously in case of questions, I can always be contacted and I'm happy to help with anything not related to complicated Lua code.
Apologies for any contradictions that might occur here. I have combined this from many different sources, some of which disagree or describe certain sounds or phenomena differently, and it is possible that there's some discrepancies I have missed.
Note: I'm describing my ideal, so I have not considered how hard or time-consuming coding this can be. Let me know about any complications in that aspect.
There is no reason Estonian should be inferior to Finnish, much less the nearly extinct Ingrian or Votic, so I believe Estonian deserves to have much of similar infrastructure. Namely, it should be possible to automatically generate rhymes and hyphenations, as well as any other features that could be added, support for affixes, multiword terms, homophones, etc.
Rhymes should be generated from the nucleus of the last stressed syllable of the term, no matter if primary or secondary stress. Rhymes should be generated from the phonemic transcription and stripped of any extra markers. Quantity (length) and palatalization are phonemic, so they should be included in the rhyme.
Rhythmic secondary stress is marked only in the phonetic transcription (see below) but should still be the point after which rhymes are generated from the phonemic transcription.
The generated rhymes should also include the number of syllables, currently inserted manually (see syllabification rules below). This allows categories "Estonian n-syllable words" to be created.
Estonian syllabification doesn't always conform with the orthography: geminates are divided between two syllables, but, if stops, orthographically written as one. So aitate is hyphenated ai‧ta‧te and syllabified ait‧tat‧te. I was initially thinking about something like {{bg-hyph}}, which displays both syllabification and hyphenation, only if they are different. But I decided to indicate syllabification with dots in the phonetic transcription, let me know if it's a good idea.
Here's a link to an automatic Estonian hyphenator.
See syllabification (and hyphenation) rules below.
Since most Estonian pronunciation audio files are uploaded (by me) to Commons in the format Et-<term>.ogg, maybe it would make sense to add a shortcut to the template? Like |a=+ or something, if PAGENAME = term. Possibly even the module automatically searching Commons for a pronunciation audio file and adding it if it exists, but I don't know if that sort of closs-platform thing is possible.
Modules to be inspired by:
The Estonian spelling does not reflect consonant palatalization and, in most cases, syllabic quantity. Therefore, these features need to be respelled anyway, as there is no way to deduce them from the orthography alone. All other features could be automatic, except for some irregularities.
Primary vowels /ɑ/, /e/, /i/, /o/, /u/ can occur anywhere. Secondary vowels /ɤ/, /æ/, /ø/, /y/ don't occur in unstressed syllables in native words. /o/ occurs in unstressed syllables only in personal names and foreign words.
| _ɑ̯ | _e̯ | _i̯ | _o̯ | _u̯ | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ɑ_ | — | ɑe̯ | ɑi̯ | ɑo̯ | ɑu̯ |
| e_ | eɑ̯ | — | ei̯ | eo̯ | (eu̯) |
| i_ | (iɑ̯) | (ie̯) | — | (io̯) | iu̯ |
| o_ | oɑ̯ | oe̯ | oi̯ | — | ou̯ |
| u_ | (uɑ̯) | (ue̯) | ui̯ | (uo̯) | — |
| ɤ_ | ɤɑ̯ | ɤe̯ | ɤi̯ | ɤo̯ | ɤu̯ |
| æ_ | — | æe̯ | æi̯ | æo̯ | æu̯ |
| ø_ | øɑ̯ | øe̯ | øi̯ | — | — |
| y_ | (yɑ̯) | (ye̯) | yi̯ | (yo̯) | — |
Key:
Only the diphthongs /ɑi̯/, /ei̯/ and /ui̯/ can occur in non-initial syllables in native words.
Since orthographically double letters are written as one consonant if they are suffixed with a morpheme beginning in a consonant, they would need to be respelled (e.g. linn + -lane → linlane ).
Estonian palatalized consonants are actually prepalatalized, meaning that the palatalization concerns only the initial part of the consonant and usually there is an i-coloured transition between the consonant and the preceding vowel. Thus it is technically inaccurate to transcribe them as /tʲ/, /nʲ/, etc., but I couldn't find more accurate ways to represent prepalatalization in IPA.
See above for palatalizable consonants. /r/ used to be palatalizable, but has lost that feature since the middle of the 20th century, i.e. this is a relatively new change.
Palatalization occurs:
Palatalization however does not occur, if the consonant is preceded by a long i or a diphthong ending in u.
If palatalization occurs in intervocalic geminates, only the first part of the geminate recieves palatalization. This is why, if syllabification is indicated in the transcription or there is a stress marker which divides the geminate, the palatalization marker should only be appended to the first part (see tunnistama above). It's a similar case with consonant clusters: only the first consonant of the cluster is palatalized, if that consonant is palatalizable.
Final consonants of monosyllabic i-stem words with the structure (CC)VVC (e.g. kool) have traditionally been palatalized due to the historical presence of an i. However, a study found that only 29% of speakers palatalize the consonant, mostly of the older generation or of rural background. Most others do not palatalize it. Nevertheless it is considered correct to palatalize it, so it should be displayed. I've been transcribing these words as {{et-IPA|kool(')}}. Hence, there should also be two rhymes generated: {{rhymes|et|oːl|oːlʲ|s=1}}.
The obvious symbol to be used is '. It would be useful if in addition to having the ability to respell a term adding the symbol, a shortcut could be used if the palatalization is at the end of a monosyllabic word, like Finnish does with gemination and *. So a word like kass could either be respelled as kas's or just '. For optional palatalization we could do the same, so the aforementioned kool could be respelled as ('). If possible, this could even extend to multisyllabic words with only one palatalizable consonant. The module would have to know the palatalizable consonants anyway to handle words with consonant clusters like külm (/kylʲm/, not */kylmʲ/).
Notably, Estonian differentiates between three syllabic quantities (which aren't actually syllabic quantities but rather a sum of syllable length and syllable accent, but that's not the most important for the purposes of this guide). The quantity contrast can only occur in stressed syllables (primary or secondary).
All one-syllable words are Q3, without exception. Effectively this means that there needs to be a length marker somewhere in the transcription. This also includes individual parts of compound words.
Words with a stressed syllable ending in one single short monophthong and the next syllable beginning with a short consonant are always Q1:
Note that the vowel of an unstressed light syllable (open or ending in a short consonant, not a geminate) immediately following the stressed (primary or secondary) Q1 syllable gets lengthened in the phonetic transcription (ˑ).
A stressed syllable is long and either of Q2 or Q3 if it ends in a consonant, long monophthong, or diphthong.
A long stressed syllable is of Q2 if it has a long monophthong, a diphthong whose both components are short, or ends in one or two short consonants or the short initial component of a geminate:
Except for some foreign proper names, the co-occurrence of both a long monophthong or a diphthong and a geminate obstruent in a word with a syllable of Q2 is restricted to (a) genitive plural forms of some nouns and (b) the second-person present-tense forms of monosyllabic vocalic verb stems, both of which have the suffix -te.
A long stressed syllable is of Q3 if it has an overlong monophthong, a long diphthong, or a long consonant or a long consonant cluster:
Syllables of Q3 may have a more complicated structure than light long syllables, for example, they may contain clusters consisting of three or more consonants (tursk , vintskleb ) or certain diphthongs whose occurrence is limited only to syllables of Q3 (kaotus ; see above for those diphthongs).
In other words, the quantity contrast occurs in the stressed syllable for vowels (kalu (Q1), kaalu (Q2), kaalu (Q3)), and between a stressed and an unstressed syllable for consonants (kala (Q1), kalla (Q2), kalla (Q3)).
The ratios between the stressed and the following unstressed syllables are 2:3 for Q1, 3:2 for Q2 and 2:1 for Q3.
Diphthongs are by definition only either Q2 or Q3. The consonants j and v occur only in Q1 and Q3.
Estonian spelling reflects the contrast between Q2 and Q3 only when the internal sounds are a short monophthong and a long stop and they are followed by a short vowel. In this case, the stop is written with one letter in Q2 and with two letters in Q3, e.g. pika : pikka. In other cases, the Estonian orthography does not reflect the contrast between Q2 and Q3. The quantity of those words has to be indicated in the respelling.
Long intervocalic and long postvocalic final consonants are written double in syllables of both Q2 and Q3, except long intervocalic stops and long /ʃ/ in syllables of Q2 and after a vowel other than a short monophthong.
| Vowels | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Orthography | ⟨a⟩ | ⟨aa⟩ | |||||
| Viitso 2007 | Length | undershort | short | half-long | long | overlong | extra-long |
| UPA | ă | a | à | ā | a᷾ | ȃ | |
| IPA | ɑ̆ | ɑ | ɑˑ | ɑː | ɑːˑ | ɑːː | |
| Wiktionary | ɑ | ɑˑ | ɑː | ||||
| Length | short (Q1) | long (Q2) | overlong (Q3) | ||||
| Consonants | |||||||
| Stops | |||||||
| Intervocalic | |||||||
| Orthography | ⟨d⟩ | ⟨t⟩ (mostly) | ⟨t⟩ or ⟨tt⟩ | ||||
| Viitso 2007 | Length | short | long | overlong | extra-long | ||
| UPA | ᴅ | t̆t | tt | t̀t | |||
| IPA | d̥ | t̆t | tt | tˑt | |||
| Wiktionary | d̥ | /tˑ/, | /tː/, | ||||
| Length | short (Q1) | long (Q2) | overlong (Q3) | ||||
| Non-intervocalic | |||||||
| Orthography | ⟨d⟩ | ⟨t⟩ or ⟨tt⟩ | |||||
| Length | short | long | overlong | ||||
| Viitso 2007 | UPA | ᴅ | t̀ | t̄ | |||
| IPA | d̥ | tˑ | tː | ||||
| Wiktionary | d̥ | tˑ | tː | ||||
| Continuants | |||||||
| Orthography | ⟨n⟩ | ⟨nn⟩ | |||||
| Length | short | long | overlong | ||||
| Viitso 2007 | UPA | n | ǹ | n̄ | |||
| IPA | n | nˑ | nː | ||||
| Wiktionary | n | nˑ | nː | ||||
| Q2 | Q3 |
|---|---|
| CVV.CV laulu |
CVV:.CV laulu |
| CVC.CV parve |
CVC:.CV parve |
| CVVT.TV saate |
CVV:T:.TV saate |
| CVNT.TV ärtu |
CVNT:.TV parti |
| CVVN.TV kaardi |
CVV:N.TV kaardu |
| CVVNT.TV kaarte |
CVV:NT:.TV kaarte |
This is probably quite tricky, since, as demonstrated in the examples above and also below, syllabic quantity manifests itself as length markers in various places, depending on the structure of the syllable. The module would have to auto detect that. Ideally Q3 would be marked by a symbol in front of the syllable in question, such as ` in ÕS. Q2 would thus be unmarked, but I don't know if it's possible. In any case, there should be a better symbol, as ` isn't very accessible. Võro uses ., but this is used to mark syllable boundaries. Northern Sami, as far as I know, I think uses ', but that should definitely be used for palatalization in Estonian. There's tons of good symbols out there, so do suggest.
In native words, the primary stress falls on the first syllable. Exceptions include only a handful of interjections, e.g. aitäh .
Secondary stress falls on every odd-numbered syllable starting from the one with primary stress, unless that syllable happens to be the final syllable, except if that syllable ends in a long stop (that last part is different from Finnish, I'm told).
However, there are some derivational suffixes, that always trigger secondary stress, no matter the position. These include -lik, -mik, -ndik, -nik, -stik (only if following a Q3 syllable, applies to all the listed suffixes until here), -likkus, -mine, -line, -lane, -kene, -mata, -matu, -kond, -elu and -(el)m (only in words of 3 or more syllables) + the inflected forms of all those suffixes that wouldn't otherwise take rhythmic secondary stress. The feminine suffix -(V)nna instead always triggers primary stress.
The diphthongs /ɑi̯/, /ei̯/ and /ui̯/ that can occur in non-initial syllables in native words always get secondary stress in 2-3 syllable words, but not in 4+ syllable words where the rhythmic secondary stress is present anyway.
| No. of syllables |
Pattern | Example word | IPA[n 2] |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | P | suu | |
| U | ma | / invalid IPA characters (]/[)[n 3] | |
| 2 | PM | petlik | |
| PU | mina | ||
| 3 | PMU | joomine | |
| PUM | õnnelik | ||
| PUU | sadamad | ||
| 4 | PMUU | joomisega | ~ invalid IPA characters (][) |
| PUUM | elajalik | ||
| PUMU | lükkamine | ||
| PUAU | lükkasime | ||
| 5 | PMUAU | joomisegagi | ~ invalid IPA characters (][) |
| PUUMU | kogelemine | ~ invalid IPA characters (][) | |
| PUAUM | õpetajalik | ||
| PUAUU | kogelesime |
Key:
P - primarily stressed syllable
A - syllable with an automatic or rhythmical secondary stress
M - syllable with a morphologically conditioned secondary stress
U - unstressed syllable
For words with two secondary stress variants, I think most speakers prefer the rhythmic stress rather than morphological, but that's not an educated opinion, just my observation.
"Dependent words" (nõjasõnad; excuse the inexact and probably incorrect terminology) are short monosyllabic words that tend to only occur in unstressed position in a sentence. They should also be linked together with preceding and following words with .
A relatively exhaustive list of those words:
As stated, these words usually don't have any stress. If stressed however, they become Q3 (as per the rule of monosyllabic words), despite their spelling with short letters. This should also be somehow indicated. In multiword terms, they should automatically receive no stress.
In a compound, all component words preserve their original stress pattern. Every component part gets secondary stress where it would have primary on its own. The general stress patterning in a compound depends on the compound type. Compounds consisting of two component words belong to one of the following three main stress-pattern types:
For the purposes of Wiktionary, this can be condensed a bit. There should be one symbol for respelling all compound words, either +, -, = or /, which would display type 1 compounds. That symbol can be put into parentheses for type 2 compounds. For type 3, users could insert a symbol for primary stress at the boundary, and have the module insert secondary stress in front of the first syllable. More on symbols for irregular stress below.
Many foreign words have the primary stress on a non-initial syllable:
In many cases syllables of atypical structure for an uninitial syllable of non-initial feet of borrowings serve as cues for analysing them as compounds, irrespective of their morphological structure in their source language:
In many polysyllabic borrowings the primary stress optionally varies being either on a non-first syllable or on the first syllable, or there are two equal main stresses:
However, in my personal experience, I'd say you would be hard-pressed to find any speakers primarily stressing the ultimate syllable in advokaat for example. This is partly due to the shift from the historical Russian and German influence on Estonian to the modern-day increasing English influence (cf. advocate: /ˈæd.və.kət/). However, the exact opposite is true for imperialism: the final syllable commonly has primary stress. So maybe for the sake of simplicity we should just transcribe the way more speakers stress it, despite the other way not being incorrect.
Again, there should be a symbol for marking primary stress in unexpected places, but I don't have any specific symbol in mind. Maybe " like in X-SAMPA?
Some words also have unexpected seconday stress, such as kontsert, where the first syllable is primary-stressed and the second one is secondarily stressed, but I am not sure about displaying those. X-SAMPA has % for secondary stress, but I don't know if that's intuitive enough?
It should be noted that even when the primary stress is on a non-inital syllable, the first syllable still recieves secondary stress, if the word consists of 3 or more syllables.
Rules for syllabification:
Hyphenation rules are the same, but with one constraint: no one letter must be left alone. So lüüa and õue are syllabified as indicated above and hyphenated lüüa and õue (i.e., they can't be hyphenated).
Geminates are divided between syllables, but can be written with one letter (kulpi, syllabified kulp-pi). Hyphenating these words requires implementing the 7th rule instead: kul-pi.
Feel free to use these (and any example words above) as testcases.
| Q1 | Q2 | Q3 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| kalu | /ˈkɑlu/ | kaalu | /ˈkɑˑlu/ | kaalu | /ˈkɑːlu/ |
| sada | /ˈsɑtɑ/ | saada | /ˈsɑˑtɑ/ | saada | /ˈsɑːtɑ/ |
| kaardi | /ˈkɑˑrti/ | kaardu | /ˈkɑːrtu/ | ||
| saate | /ˈsɑˑtˑe/ | saate | /ˈsɑːtːe/ | ||
| koot | /ˈkoːt(ʲ)ː/ | ||||
| eest | /ˈeːst/, | ||||
| Q2 | Q3 | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| kaela | /ˈkɑe̯lɑ/ | kaela | /ˈkɑe̯ˑlɑ/ |
| lauda | /ˈlɑu̯tɑ/ | lauda | /ˈlɑu̯ˑtɑ/ |
| heida | /ˈhei̯tɑ/ | heita | /ˈhei̯tːɑ/ |
| auto | /ˈɑu̯tˑo/ | laud | /ˈlɑu̯ˑt/ |
| laut | /ˈlɑu̯tː/ | ||
| soust | /ˈsou̯st/, | ||
| Q2 | Q3 | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| konna | /ˈkonˑɑ/ | konna | /ˈkonːɑ/ |
| könni | /ˈkønʲˑi/ | könni | /ˈkønʲːi/ |
| paki | /ˈpɑkˑi/ | pakki | /ˈpɑkːi/ |
| šefi | /ˈʃefˑi/ | šeffi | /ˈʃefːi/ |
| tuši | /ˈtuʃˑi/ | tušši | /ˈtuʃːi/ |
| peret (rõhutu silp) | /ˈperetˑ/ | tugevat (kaasrõhk) | /ˈtukevɑtˑ/ |
| paat | /ˈpɑːt(ʲ)ː/ | ||
| patt | /ˈpɑtː/ | ||
| õpetlik (kaasrõhk) | /ˈɤpˑetlikː/ | ||
| varss | /ˈvɑrsː/ | ||
| Q2 | Q3 | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| õrna | /ˈɤrnɑ/ | õrna | /ˈɤrˑnɑ/ |
| kongi | /ˈkoŋki/ | kongi | /ˈkoŋˑki/ |
| karda | /ˈkɑrtɑ/ | karda | /ˈkɑrˑtɑ/ |
| narta | /ˈnɑrtˑɑ/ | karta | /ˈkɑrtːɑ/ |
| rütmi | /ˈrytmi/ | rütmi | /ˈrytˑmi/ |
| põdra | /ˈpɤtrɑ/ | põtra | /ˈpɤtːrɑ/ |
| fakti | /ˈfɑkti/ | fakti | /ˈfɑkˑti/ |
| metsa | /ˈmetsɑ/ | metsa | /ˈmetˑsɑ/ |
| kõrtsi | /ˈkɤrtsi/ | kõrtsi | /ˈkɤrtˑsi/ |
| arsti | /ˈɑrsti/ | arsti | /ˈɑrsˑti/ |
| pang | /ˈpɑŋːk/ | ||
| pank | /ˈpɑŋkː/ | ||
| palk | /ˈpɑl(ʲ)kː/ | ||
| rütm | /ˈrytːm/ | ||
| soodsa | /ˈsootːsɑ/ | ||
| andsin | /ˈɑnʲtːsin/ | ||
| jalgsi | /ˈjɑlkːsi/ | ||
Ükskord vaidlesid põhjatuul ja päike selle üle, kumb neist on tugevam. Just siis tuli mööda teed rändaja, seljas soe mantel. Põhjatuul ja päike leppisid kokku, et see, kellel esimesena õnnestub sundida rändajat mantlit seljast võtma, on teisest tugevam. Põhjatuul puhus kõigest jõust, aga mida rohkem ta puhus, seda enam koomale tõmbas rändaja oma mantli hõlmad. Lõpuks loobus põhjatuul katsest. Siis hakkas aga päike nii soojalt paistma, et rändaja kohe oma mantli seljast võttis. Ja nõnda pidigi põhjatuul tunnistama, et päike on tast tugevam.
/ˈpɤhjɑˌtuːl jɑ ˈpæikˑe ‖ ˈykːskort ˈvɑiːtlesit ˈpɤhjɑˌtuːl jɑ ˈpæikˑe ˈselˑe ˈyle invalid IPA characters (/), ˈkumːp ˈneisːt on ˈtukevɑm ‖ ˈjusːt ˈsiːs ˈtuli ˈmøːtɑ ˈteːt ˈrænːtɑjɑ, ˈseljɑs ˈsoeː ˈmɑntːel ‖ ˈpɤhjɑˌtuːl jɑ ˈpæikˑe ˈlepːisit ˈkokːu, et ˈseːː, ˈkelˑel ˈesimesenɑ ˈɤnˑestup ˈsunʲˑtitɑ ˈrænˑtɑjɑt ˈmɑntˑlitː ˈseljɑst ˈvɤtˑmɑ, on ˈteisest ˈtukevɑm ‖ ˈpɤhjɑˌtuːl ˈpuhus ˈkɤikest ˈjɤusˑt, ˈɑkɑ ˈmitɑ ˈrohˑkem tɑ ˈpuhus, ˈsetɑ ˈenɑm ˈkoːmɑle ˈtɤmˑpɑs ˈrænˑtɑjɑ ˈomɑ ˈmɑntˑli ˈhɤlmɑt ‖ ˈlɤpˑuks ˈloːpus ˈpɤhjɑˌtuːl ˈkatˑsest ‖ ˈsiːs ˈhɑkːɑs ˈɑkɑ ˈpæikˑe ˈniː ˈsoˑjɑlt ˈpɑisˑtmɑ, et ˈrænˑtɑjɑ ˈkohe ˈomɑ ˈmɑntˑli ˈseljɑst ˈvɤtːis ‖ jɑ ˈnɤntɑ ˈpitiki ˈpɤhjɑˌtuːl ˈtunˑistɑmɑ, et ˈpæikˑe on tɑst ˈtukevɑm/ invalid IPA characters (/)
invalid IPA characters (])
Kõik inimesed sünnivad vabadena ja võrdsetena oma väärikuselt ja õigustelt. Neile on antud mõistus ja südametunnistus ja nende suhtumist üksteisesse peab kandma vendluse vaim. Igal inimesel peavad olema kõik käesoleva deklaratsiooniga välja kuulutatud õigused ja vabadused, olenemata rassist, nahavärvusest, soost, usulisest, poliitilisest või muudest veendumustest, rahvuslikust või sotsiaalsest päritolust, varanduslikust, seisuslikust või muust seisundist. Lisaks sellele ei tohi inimeste vahel vahet teha riigi või territooriumi poliitilise, õigusliku või rahvusvahelise seisundi põhjal, olenemata sellest, kas territoorium, mille kodanik ollakse, on sõltumatu, hooldusalune või mõnel muul viisil oma suveräänsuses piiratud.
K`õik inimesed sünnivad vabadena ja v`õrdsetena oma väärikuselt ja `õigustelt. N`eile on `antud m`õistus ja südame+tunnistus ja nende s`uhtumist `üks+teisesse p`eab k`andma v`endluse v`aim. Igal inimesel peavad olema k`õik k`äes+oleva deklaratsiooniga v`älja kuulutatud `õigused ja vabadused, olenemata rassist, naha+v`ärvusest, s`oost, usulisest, poliitilisest või m`uudest v`eendumustest, r`ahvuslikust või sotsi`aalsest pärit+olust, varanduslikust, s`eisuslikust või m`uust seisundist. Lisaks sellele ei tohi inimeste vahel vahet teha riigi või territ`oori˛umi poliitilise, `õigusliku või r`ahvus+vahelise seisundi põhjal, olenemata sellest, kas territ`oori˛um, mille kodan`ik ollakse, on s`õltumatu, h`ooldus+alune või mõnel m`uul viisil oma suver`äänsuses piiratud.
ke̮ik̀ inimeᴢeᴅ süń̆nivaᴅ vaʙàᴅena ja ve̮rt̀set̆tena omà vǟrik̆kuᴢelt̀ ja e̮ìɢustelt̀ // neìle on anttuᴅ me̮is̀tuᴢ ja süᴅàme‿tuń̆nistuᴢ ja nen̆ᴅe suh̀tumist ük̀s‿teĭᴢesse peàʙ kaǹᴅma veǹᴅluᴢe vaìm // iɢal inimeᴢel peăvaᴅ olema ke̮ik̀ käèᴢ‿oleva tek̆laratsjō·niɢa väľ̀ja kūlut̆tat̆tuᴅ e̮ìɢuᴢeᴅ ja vaʙàᴅuᴢeᴅ / olenemat̆ta raś̆sist / nahà‿vär̀vuᴢest / so᷾s̀t / uᴢuliᴢest / polī·t̆tiliᴢest ve̮i mûᴅest vênᴅumustest / rah̀vuslik̆kust ve̮i sotsjâ·lᴢest pärit̆t‿olust / varanᴅuslik̆kust / seìᴢuslik̆kust ve̮i mu᷾s̀t seĭᴢunᴅist // liᴢaks sel̆lele ei tohì inimeste vahel vahet̀ tehà rīɢì ve̮i ter̆rit̆tô·rjumi polī·t̆tiliᴢe / e̮ìɢuslik̆ku ve̮i rah̀vuᴢ‿vaheliᴢe seĭᴢunᴅi pe̮h̆jal / olenemat̆ta sel̆lest / kas ter̆rit̆tô·rjum / mil̆le koᴅanik̀ ol̆lakse / on se̮lttumat̆tu / hôlᴅuᴢ‿alune ve̮i me̮nel mûl vīᴢil omà suverä̂·nᴢuᴢeᴢ pīrat̆tuᴅ //
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