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Words to do
- រឹត tighten,massage ~ រឺត squeeze,milk ~ រីត flatten.
H77 writes រឹត for all 3, but distinguishes the same 3 pronunciations, under 3 different headwords.
Check pronunciation in អោបរឹត. I have the feeling that secondary entries are mixed up in the electronic version of the dictionaries (no longer relate to headwords), + the dictionaries don't originally provide pronunciation for secondary entries, it's an automated addition of the electronic versions. Because of H77, it got it all messed up and eventually displays a pronunciation app-riit instead of aop-rʉt.
TODO: fix the entire រឹត (rɨt) section
- ផើម (phaəm)
- ហើម (haəm), baNhaem, baMphaem
From ខ្ពង់ (khpŭəng, “ridge of a hill or mountain, shoulder of a hill, rise, eminence”) with infixed -VN-, ultimately from ពង់ (pŭəng). កំពង់
- ថ្កាប់ (thkap)
- កណ្ដារ (kɑndaa) < ក្ដារ < ខារ?
- ចំណុច (cɑmnoc), ឆ្នុច (chnoc),ចចុច
- កំលុង (kɑmlung) luṅ /lʊŋ/ ‘to hollow’, > khluṅ /kʰlʊŋ/ ‘hollow, cavity’, > kaṃluṅ
/kəmˈlʊŋ/ ‘inner space, interior’.
Section 2
- Note: a priori, example of double-derivation vs parallel derivation
- សាន្ត (saan, “peaceful”)
- > spec ក្សាន្ត (ksaan, “peaceful”)
- > caus កំសាន្ត (kɑmsaan, “to relax”)
But:
- បាំង (bang, “to cover, mask, hide”)
- > resultative ក្បាំង (kbang, “( not in H77 to block); hidden; sth hidden, secret”)
- > instrumental កំបាំង (kɑmbang, “screen, veil, barricade”)
TO FINISH
- ក្រវាត់ (krɑvat): Kravat: finish section, cf. notes from Headley, Jenner Pou, Jenner, Guesdon
- krɑvat, crɑvat, krovoat, voat, cvat-cviel, cvat-cvaeng, *vat~vaat, cvat, *cangvat, tvat, svat (but ≠ svat/sangvaat "thrive"), kvat-kvaeng.
Meaning ranging from: go around, encircle, gird, lash, criss-cross, erratically, quickly (that last meaning might come from vaat "thrive").
TO FINISH:
លិច (lɨc, “sink, disappear, ruin”) vs លេច (lɨc, “emerge, drain, leak”)
Lots of derivational confusion between these two due to series shift and centralization (ី = e/i -> ə/ɨ in closed syllables. េ e:/ę: ə/ɨ in in front of palatals). Spelling is not always consistent either.
Have opposite meanings that sometimes difficult to sort out. For instance:
- is forgetting because one sunk / made disappear its memories, or because it drained / leak them out?
- Is being evasive, dodgy, tricky, acting in secret because you try to hide something or because you try to get yourself out of something?
- Is a river mouth where sth gets drowned, or somewhere the river empties out?
The terms like ប្លិច (pləc, “quickly”) seem unrelated.
- លិច (lɨc) sink, submerge, disappear, ruin
- ផ្លេចផ្លាញ (phləcphlaañ, “to destroy”)
- ប៉ប្លិច (pɑplɨc)? slippery, erratic, ប៉ប្លូច or ប្លិច
- បំផ្លិច (bɑmplɨc, “to submerge, to cause devastation”)
- ពន្លិច (pŭənlɨc, “to submerge, to ruin”)
- រំលិច (rumlɨc, “long pond, ditch”)
- លេច (lɨc) appear, emerge, drain, leak
- បន្លិច (bɑnlɨc, “to raise sth, emerge; to squeeze our, spit out ; to reveal, hint; river mouth”)
- រលេច (rɔlɨc, “to protrude, show off; be indiscreet”)
- រំលេច (rumlɨc, “to bring into view, highlight”)
- "forget"
- ភ្លេច (phlɨc, “to forget”)
- បំភ្លេច (bɑmplɨc, “to cause to forget”)
- "trick"
- ល្បិច (lbəc, “ruse, trick, hoax”)
- សំឡេច (sɑmləc) ~ សំឡិច (sɑmləc) to act in secret
- ក្រឡេច (krɑləc, “to be dodgy, elusive, tricky”)
Section 3
- ខិត (khət) in ខិតខាត់ and ខិតខំ,cf. ខ្វះខាត+finish affixes.
Note that កំហិត kâmhœt "limitation" has the same meaning relation to ខិត khœt "notch" as កំរិត has to ក្រិត, both roots being from Thai ( ? vs กรีด), both with similar meaning (notch, scrape).
- កួច (kuəc) kuec
- ក្បួច (kbuəc) + infix -b- = kbuec
- ក្របួច (krɑbuəc) + ?? = krabuec !!
As if root was "buec" for the later two?
otherwise, we need to suppose the infixation of -ra- + kbuec = krabuec, which is usually not seen?
Section 4
- ងងឹត (ngɔngɨt) រងឹត (rɔngɨt), ល្ងឹត (lngɨt). Fix presentation when proto-mon-khmer root is also provided."Synchronically, derived from root"..
Compare រងើ (rɔngəə), ល្ងើ (lngəə), ស្រងើ (srɑngəə).
Section 5
- ចំនួន (cɑmnuən) ជួន ~ ជួន
- ច្បាំង (cbang)
- ចំបាប់ (cɑmbap) example of double infixation without extant intermediary form
todo: address pairs like
Section 6
Section 7
Section 8
interval, among lots of similar looking roots.
- តំណាល (tɑmnaal) check thai source
- តំបន់ (tɑmbɑn) root/etym?
- តំរិះ (tɑmreh), ត្រិះ (treh), រិះ (rih)
- ត្លឹង (tləng), តំឡឹង (tɑmləng)
- តតះ (tɑtah)
- តំបាញ (tɑmbaañ)
- ត្បាល (tbaal) and more generally issue of derivation via old Khmer vs Synchronically via affixation
- ដំបូង (dɑmboung)
- ប្រទង់ (prɑtŭəng)
- ទឹម (tɨm) and affixed forms
- ទន្ទេញ (tŭəntɨñ) not related to ទេញ?
To turn, to swirl
- -វែល (-vɛɛl) of similar meaning
- វៀល (viəl, “to cut around”)
- មូល (muul, “round, spherical”)
- មួល (muəl, “to turn, to twist”).
Sanskrit/Pali
Words to provide etym for:
- មេត្តា (meittaa): benevolence, loving kindness
- ករុណា (kaʼrunaa): compassion,
- មុទិតា (mutitaa): empathetic joy,
- ឧបេក្ខា (ʼupeekkhaa): equanimity.
Affixation
Jenner dictionary of pré angkhorian khmer:
but a point which can be
advanced with some assurance is that none of the affixes appears to have the
purpose of marking shifts of wordclass. Superficially, this infix appears to have
multiple functions: it yields derivatives which are action nouns, agentival nouns,
and resultative nouns, any of which may be verbalized – and it would not be easy
to argue that the nominal senses are more original than the verbal senses. The
essential function of the infix is unclear.
Jenner states that -rVn- ~ -n-, but there are case where they both occur with the same root and with different meanings:
- Lua error: too many expensive function calls
- Lua error: too many expensive function calls
Find a function name for
- thom - tumhum = size, not bigness
- thlay - tamlay = price, not expensiveness
- tnguen - tumnguen = weight, not heaviness
Function name for "that which is <adj>"
- p'aem (sweet) - bang'aem (sweet food)
Function name for "attributing name or Verb to someone":
- tooh (crime) - bantooh (blame, reproach)
Passive ?
locative = "situative", situation where one is monk (monkhood), where one fight (match, contest).
p- meaning = to put X, like in pcong (put an end), pcet (put heart), pcang (put desire), ptuk (to put/place in keeping = load). This is a wider acception of the notion of "Causative", not narrow meaning of "cause someone to do".
m- in ម្ហូប: res? instr? it's more the target of the action.
-Vmn- in ទំនិះ: same, target of action.
លំហ : wide open space (that which is wide open). Resultative? locative ?
សំណ: that which is white
ស្រាក vs សំរាក. function of -VN-?
សំណូក bribe,is it proc /res of "to bribe"?
TODO: add possibility to add multiple functions. ស្នង -n- is both instr and agent
ស្ពាយ / សំពាយ : -VN- is the object of the verb: carry sth with a shoulder strap / such load.
ស្លៀក/សម្លៀក, ពាក់/បំពាក់
បង្អែម : that which is sweet.