Wiktionary:Hamer-Banna entry guidelines

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Hamer-Banna belongs to the South Omotic branch of the Afroasiatic language family.

On Wiktionary, the orthography (and hence also the analysis) follows.

Editing considerations

Verbs are lemmatised under the 'general' form ending in , in contrast to being lemmatised under the root in Petrollino's glossary. For example, what is provided as yesk is created under the entry yeská.

Inflected forms should not be created unless they are attested, whether through a glossary or through a quote.

Orthography

Here we list all the glyphs (i.e. letters) that are used in this orthography.

Majuscule A Á Â B Ɓ C D Ɗ E É Ê Ɛ Ɛ́ Ɛ̂ G Ɠ H I Í Î J K L
Minuscule a á â b ɓ c d ɗ e é ê ɛ ɛ́ ɛ̂ g ɠ h i í î j k l
Majuscule M N Ɲ O Ó Ô Ɔ Ɔ́ Ɔ̂ P Q R S T U Ú Û W X Y Z ʔ
Minuscule m n ɲ o ó ô ɔ ɔ́ ɔ̂ p q r s t u ú û w x y z ʔ

Note that some letters cannot occur at the beginning of a word, but the majuscule version is still listed.

Consonants

Bilabial Alveolar Postalveolar / Palatal Velar Uvular Glottal
Nasal /m/
m
/n/
n
/ɲ/
ɲ
Plosive /p/, /b/
p, b
/t/, /d/
t, d
/t͡ʃ/, /d͡ʒ/
c, j
/k/, /ɡ/
k, g
/q/
q
/ʔ/
ʔ
Implosive /ɓ/
ɓ
/ɗ/
ɗ
/ɠ/
ɠ
Ejective /tʼ/
/t͡ʃʼ/
Fricative /s/, /z/
s, z
/ʃ/
sh
/x/
x
/h/
h
Trill /r/
r
Lateral /l/
l
Glide /w/
w
/j/
y
  1. ^ Except in word-initial position, where it is not marked (e.g. áigi (fence)).
  2. ^ The digraph sh is unambiguous because /h/ can only occur in the beginning of a word.

Vowels

There are 7 short vowels, 7 long vowels, and 5 diphthongs.

Vowel IPA Example
Short vowels
i /i/ walí (sickle)
u /u/ túla (small pond)
e /e/ meté (head)
o /o/ noqó (water)
ɛ /ɛ/ ɓɛ́nta (seed)
ɔ /ɔ/ bɔ́na (drought)
a /a/ berá (in front of)
Long vowels
ii /iː/ zíiga (spinal cord)
uu /uː/ shúupi (sunflower)
ee /eː/ déetʼa (heavy)
oo /oː/ kóofini (squirrel)
ɛɛ /ɛː/ dɛ́ɛga (dumb)
ɔɔ /ɔː/ qɔ́ɔcʼa (nape)
aa /aː/ háada (rope)
Diphthongs
ai /ai/ áigi (fence)
au /au/ qáu (forest)
ei /ei/ weilám (heart)
oi /oi/ óiso (question)
ia /ia/ sía (bad)

Stress

Every word has exactly one stressed syllable, which can carry either a high tone (written as á) or a falling tone (written as â), except for monosyllabic words of the form CVC (C = Consonant, V = Vowel), which bear no diacritics.

For digraphs (i.e. long vowels and diphthongs), the diacritic falls on the first character. (For examples, see #Vowels above.)

Tone IPA Example
(unmarked) (unmarked) qóle (where?)
á /á/ wucʼé ((you all) drink!)
â /â/ wucʼê (he doesn't drink)

References

  1. ^ Petrollino, Sara (2016) A Grammar of Hamar: A South Omotic language of Ethiopia, Leiden University

See also