From aşağa, the dative form of *aşaq, as in Karakhanid اَشَقْ (aşaq, “bottom of a mountain”), ultimately from the same etymon as aşmaq: Proto-Turkic *āš- (“to cross (a mountain), to surpass”) + -aq.
Possibly formed as an adjective from aşağa (“downwards”) with the sense "lower, the lower one; low" analogically to yuxarı (“upwards; upper; high”) and later reinterpreted as directional adverb itself. The original form aşağa is now considered colloquial or dialectal and proscribed from usage in writing; as such, it is not found in the standard Azerbaijani dictionaries, such as Azərbaycan dilinin izahlı lüğəti or in Azerbaijani-Russian dictionaries. This is probably due to the fact that the noun *aşaq did not make it into Azerbaijani, so aşağa is not perceived as a dative case of any noun, but rather as a corruption of aşağıya. The latter must be a new dative case form that has been formed with aşağı as the base. Compare also the note on Ottoman Turkish اشغی (aşağı) as a form of Ottoman Turkish اشغه (aşağa) "used by educated people" in Meninski (1680).
The paradigm of directional/spatial adverbs of height in Azerbaijani must have undergone a morpho-semantic leveling so that senses of yuxarı / aşağı and their derived forms almost completely mirror one another:
The formation of aşağı from aşağa as a paradigmatic counterpart of yuxarı may have been facilitated by the need for another, neutral concept for 'low, not high' in view of the development of a negative figurative sense in alçaq (“low; → despicable”).
Compare also reshaping of Turkish aşağı to aşarı, aşaru under the analogical influence of yukarı in Anatolian dialects.
aşağı
aşağı (comparative daha aşağı, superlative ən aşağı)
aşağı (definite accusative aşağını, plural aşağılar)
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | aşağı | aşağılar |
| definite accusative | aşağını | aşağıları |
| dative | aşağıya | aşağılara |
| locative | aşağıda | aşağılarda |
| ablative | aşağıdan | aşağılardan |
| definite genitive | aşağının | aşağıların |
Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish آشاغی (aşağı, “lower”).
aşağı
aşağı
From Salar aşaq (“low”). Cognate with Turkmen aşāgy.
aşağı
From aşağa, the dative form of aşak, as in Old Turkic (aşak, “bottom of mountain”), ultimately from the same etymon as aşmak: Proto-Turkic *āš- (“to cross (a mountain), to surpass”).
aşağı (definite accusative aşağıyı, plural aşağılar)
aşağı
| present tense | ||
|---|---|---|
| positive declarative | positive interrogative | |
| ben (I am) | aşağıyım | aşağı mıyım? |
| sen (you are) | aşağısın | aşağı mısın? |
| o (he/she/it is) | aşağı / aşağıdır | aşağı mı? |
| biz (we are) | aşağıyız | aşağı mıyız? |
| siz (you are) | aşağısınız | aşağı mısınız? |
| onlar (they are) | aşağı(lar) | aşağı(lar) mı? |
| past tense | ||
| positive declarative | positive interrogative | |
| ben (I was) | aşağıydım | aşağı mıydım? |
| sen (you were) | aşağıydın | aşağı mıydın? |
| o (he/she/it was) | aşağıydı | aşağı mıydı? |
| biz (we were) | aşağıydık | aşağı mıydık? |
| siz (you were) | aşağıydınız | aşağı mıydınız? |
| onlar (they were) | aşağıydılar | aşağı mıydılar? |
| indirect past | ||
| positive declarative | positive interrogative | |
| ben (I was) | aşağıymışım | aşağı mıymışım? |
| sen (you were) | aşağıymışsın | aşağı mıymışsın? |
| o (he/she/it was) | aşağıymış | aşağı mıymış? |
| biz (we were) | aşağıymışız | aşağı mıymışız? |
| siz (you were) | aşağıymışsınız | aşağı mıymışsınız? |
| onlar (they were) | aşağıymışlar | aşağı mıymışlar? |
| conditional | ||
| positive declarative | positive interrogative | |
| ben (if I) | aşağıysam | aşağı mıysam? |
| sen (if you) | aşağıysan | aşağı mıysan? |
| o (if he/she/it) | aşağıysa | aşağı mıysa? |
| biz (if we) | aşağıysak | aşağı mıysak? |
| siz (if you) | aşağıysanız | aşağı mıysanız? |
| onlar (if they) | aşağıysalar | aşağı mıysalar? |
For negative forms, use the appropriate form of değil.
aşağı