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Zulu
Etymology
From -bona + -wa.
Verb
-bônwa
- (intransitive) to be seen
Inflection
Tone HH
|
Infinitive
|
ukubonwa
|
|
Positive
|
Negative
|
Infinitive
|
ukubonwa
|
ukungabonwa
|
|
Imperative
|
|
Simple
|
+ object concord
|
Singular
|
bonwa
|
-bonwe
|
Plural
|
bonwani
|
-bonweni
|
|
Present
|
|
Positive absolute
|
Positive relative
|
Positive participial
|
Negative absolute
|
Negative relative
|
Negative participial
|
1st singular
|
ngiyabonwa, ngibonwa
|
engibonwayo, engibonwa
|
ngibonwa
|
angibonwa
|
engingabonwa
|
ngingabonwa
|
2nd singular
|
uyabonwa, ubonwa
|
obonwayo, obonwa
|
ubonwa
|
awubonwa
|
ongabonwa
|
ungabonwa
|
1st plural
|
siyabonwa, sibonwa
|
esibonwayo, esibonwa
|
sibonwa
|
asibonwa
|
esingabonwa
|
singabonwa
|
2nd plural
|
niyabonwa, nibonwa
|
enibonwayo, enibonwa
|
nibonwa
|
anibonwa
|
eningabonwa
|
ningabonwa
|
Class 1
|
uyabonwa, ubonwa
|
obonwayo, obonwa
|
ebonwa
|
akabonwa
|
ongabonwa
|
engabonwa
|
Class 2
|
bayabonwa, babonwa
|
ababonwayo, ababonwa
|
bebonwa
|
ababonwa
|
abangabonwa
|
bengabonwa
|
Class 3
|
uyabonwa, ubonwa
|
obonwayo, obonwa
|
ubonwa
|
awubonwa
|
ongabonwa
|
ungabonwa
|
Class 4
|
iyabonwa, ibonwa
|
ebonwayo, ebonwa
|
ibonwa
|
ayibonwa
|
engabonwa
|
ingabonwa
|
Class 5
|
liyabonwa, libonwa
|
elibonwayo, elibonwa
|
libonwa
|
alibonwa
|
elingabonwa
|
lingabonwa
|
Class 6
|
ayabonwa, abonwa
|
abonwayo, abonwa
|
ebonwa
|
awabonwa
|
angabonwa
|
engabonwa
|
Class 7
|
siyabonwa, sibonwa
|
esibonwayo, esibonwa
|
sibonwa
|
asibonwa
|
esingabonwa
|
singabonwa
|
Class 8
|
ziyabonwa, zibonwa
|
ezibonwayo, ezibonwa
|
zibonwa
|
azibonwa
|
ezingabonwa
|
zingabonwa
|
Class 9
|
iyabonwa, ibonwa
|
ebonwayo, ebonwa
|
ibonwa
|
ayibonwa
|
engabonwa
|
ingabonwa
|
Class 10
|
ziyabonwa, zibonwa
|
ezibonwayo, ezibonwa
|
zibonwa
|
azibonwa
|
ezingabonwa
|
zingabonwa
|
Class 11
|
luyabonwa, lubonwa
|
olubonwayo, olubonwa
|
lubonwa
|
alubonwa
|
olungabonwa
|
lungabonwa
|
Class 14
|
buyabonwa, bubonwa
|
obubonwayo, obubonwa
|
bubonwa
|
abubonwa
|
obungabonwa
|
bungabonwa
|
Class 15
|
kuyabonwa, kubonwa
|
okubonwayo, okubonwa
|
kubonwa
|
akubonwa
|
okungabonwa
|
kungabonwa
|
Class 17
|
kuyabonwa, kubonwa
|
okubonwayo, okubonwa
|
kubonwa
|
akubonwa
|
okungabonwa
|
kungabonwa
|
|
Recent past
|
|
Positive absolute
|
Positive relative
|
Positive participial
|
Negative absolute
|
Negative relative
|
Negative participial
|
1st singular
|
ngiboniwe, ngibonwē
|
engiboniwe, engibonwē
|
ngiboniwe, ngibonwē
|
angibonwanga
|
engingabonwanga
|
ngingabonwanga
|
2nd singular
|
uboniwe, ubonwē
|
oboniwe, obonwē
|
uboniwe, ubonwē
|
awubonwanga
|
ongabonwanga
|
ungabonwanga
|
1st plural
|
siboniwe, sibonwē
|
esiboniwe, esibonwē
|
siboniwe, sibonwē
|
asibonwanga
|
esingabonwanga
|
singabonwanga
|
2nd plural
|
niboniwe, nibonwē
|
eniboniwe, enibonwē
|
niboniwe, nibonwē
|
anibonwanga
|
eningabonwanga
|
ningabonwanga
|
Class 1
|
uboniwe, ubonwē
|
oboniwe, obonwē
|
eboniwe, ebonwē
|
akabonwanga
|
ongabonwanga
|
engabonwanga
|
Class 2
|
baboniwe, babonwē
|
ababoniwe, ababonwē
|
beboniwe, bebonwē
|
ababonwanga
|
abangabonwanga
|
bengabonwanga
|
Class 3
|
uboniwe, ubonwē
|
oboniwe, obonwē
|
uboniwe, ubonwē
|
awubonwanga
|
ongabonwanga
|
ungabonwanga
|
Class 4
|
iboniwe, ibonwē
|
eboniwe, ebonwē
|
iboniwe, ibonwē
|
ayibonwanga
|
engabonwanga
|
ingabonwanga
|
Class 5
|
liboniwe, libonwē
|
eliboniwe, elibonwē
|
liboniwe, libonwē
|
alibonwanga
|
elingabonwanga
|
lingabonwanga
|
Class 6
|
aboniwe, abonwē
|
aboniwe, abonwē
|
eboniwe, ebonwē
|
awabonwanga
|
angabonwanga
|
engabonwanga
|
Class 7
|
siboniwe, sibonwē
|
esiboniwe, esibonwē
|
siboniwe, sibonwē
|
asibonwanga
|
esingabonwanga
|
singabonwanga
|
Class 8
|
ziboniwe, zibonwē
|
eziboniwe, ezibonwē
|
ziboniwe, zibonwē
|
azibonwanga
|
ezingabonwanga
|
zingabonwanga
|
Class 9
|
iboniwe, ibonwē
|
eboniwe, ebonwē
|
iboniwe, ibonwē
|
ayibonwanga
|
engabonwanga
|
ingabonwanga
|
Class 10
|
ziboniwe, zibonwē
|
eziboniwe, ezibonwē
|
ziboniwe, zibonwē
|
azibonwanga
|
ezingabonwanga
|
zingabonwanga
|
Class 11
|
luboniwe, lubonwē
|
oluboniwe, olubonwē
|
luboniwe, lubonwē
|
alubonwanga
|
olungabonwanga
|
lungabonwanga
|
Class 14
|
buboniwe, bubonwē
|
obuboniwe, obubonwē
|
buboniwe, bubonwē
|
abubonwanga
|
obungabonwanga
|
bungabonwanga
|
Class 15
|
kuboniwe, kubonwē
|
okuboniwe, okubonwē
|
kuboniwe, kubonwē
|
akubonwanga
|
okungabonwanga
|
kungabonwanga
|
Class 17
|
kuboniwe, kubonwē
|
okuboniwe, okubonwē
|
kuboniwe, kubonwē
|
akubonwanga
|
okungabonwanga
|
kungabonwanga
|
|
Remote past
|
|
Positive absolute
|
Positive relative
|
Positive participial
|
Negative absolute
|
Negative relative
|
Negative participial
|
1st singular
|
ngābonwa
|
engābonwa
|
ngābonwa
|
angibonwanga
|
engingabonwanga
|
ngingabonwanga
|
2nd singular
|
wābonwa
|
owābonwa
|
wābonwa
|
awubonwanga
|
ongabonwanga
|
ungabonwanga
|
1st plural
|
sābonwa
|
esābonwa
|
sābonwa
|
asibonwanga
|
esingabonwanga
|
singabonwanga
|
2nd plural
|
nābonwa
|
enābonwa
|
nābonwa
|
anibonwanga
|
eningabonwanga
|
ningabonwanga
|
Class 1
|
wābonwa
|
owābonwa
|
ābonwa
|
akabonwanga
|
ongabonwanga
|
engabonwanga
|
Class 2
|
bābonwa
|
abābonwa
|
bābonwa
|
ababonwanga
|
abangabonwanga
|
bengabonwanga
|
Class 3
|
wābonwa
|
owābonwa
|
wābonwa
|
awubonwanga
|
ongabonwanga
|
ungabonwanga
|
Class 4
|
yābonwa
|
eyābonwa
|
yābonwa
|
ayibonwanga
|
engabonwanga
|
ingabonwanga
|
Class 5
|
lābonwa
|
elābonwa
|
lābonwa
|
alibonwanga
|
elingabonwanga
|
lingabonwanga
|
Class 6
|
ābonwa
|
ābonwa
|
ābonwa
|
awabonwanga
|
angabonwanga
|
engabonwanga
|
Class 7
|
sābonwa
|
esābonwa
|
sābonwa
|
asibonwanga
|
esingabonwanga
|
singabonwanga
|
Class 8
|
zābonwa
|
ezābonwa
|
zābonwa
|
azibonwanga
|
ezingabonwanga
|
zingabonwanga
|
Class 9
|
yābonwa
|
eyābonwa
|
yābonwa
|
ayibonwanga
|
engabonwanga
|
ingabonwanga
|
Class 10
|
zābonwa
|
ezābonwa
|
zābonwa
|
azibonwanga
|
ezingabonwanga
|
zingabonwanga
|
Class 11
|
lwābonwa
|
olwābonwa
|
lwābonwa
|
alubonwanga
|
olungabonwanga
|
lungabonwanga
|
Class 14
|
bābonwa
|
obābonwa
|
bābonwa
|
abubonwanga
|
obungabonwanga
|
bungabonwanga
|
Class 15
|
kwābonwa
|
okwābonwa
|
kwābonwa
|
akubonwanga
|
okungabonwanga
|
kungabonwanga
|
Class 17
|
kwābonwa
|
okwābonwa
|
kwābonwa
|
akubonwanga
|
okungabonwanga
|
kungabonwanga
|
|
Potential
|
|
Positive absolute
|
Positive relative
|
Positive participial
|
Negative absolute
|
Negative relative
|
Negative participial
|
1st singular
|
ngingabonwa
|
—
|
ngingabonwa
|
ngingebonwe
|
—
|
ngingebonwe
|
2nd singular
|
ungabonwa
|
—
|
ungabonwa
|
ungebonwe
|
—
|
ungebonwe
|
1st plural
|
singabonwa
|
—
|
singabonwa
|
singebonwe
|
—
|
singebonwe
|
2nd plural
|
ningabonwa
|
—
|
ningabonwa
|
ningebonwe
|
—
|
ningebonwe
|
Class 1
|
angabonwa
|
—
|
engabonwa
|
angebonwe
|
—
|
engebonwe
|
Class 2
|
bangabonwa
|
—
|
bengabonwa
|
bangebonwe
|
—
|
bengebonwe
|
Class 3
|
ungabonwa
|
—
|
ungabonwa
|
ungebonwe
|
—
|
ungebonwe
|
Class 4
|
ingabonwa
|
—
|
ingabonwa
|
ingebonwe
|
—
|
ingebonwe
|
Class 5
|
lingabonwa
|
—
|
lingabonwa
|
lingebonwe
|
—
|
lingebonwe
|
Class 6
|
angabonwa
|
—
|
engabonwa
|
angebonwe
|
—
|
engebonwe
|
Class 7
|
singabonwa
|
—
|
singabonwa
|
singebonwe
|
—
|
singebonwe
|
Class 8
|
zingabonwa
|
—
|
zingabonwa
|
zingebonwe
|
—
|
zingebonwe
|
Class 9
|
ingabonwa
|
—
|
ingabonwa
|
ingebonwe
|
—
|
ingebonwe
|
Class 10
|
zingabonwa
|
—
|
zingabonwa
|
zingebonwe
|
—
|
zingebonwe
|
Class 11
|
lungabonwa
|
—
|
lungabonwa
|
lungebonwe
|
—
|
lungebonwe
|
Class 14
|
bungabonwa
|
—
|
bungabonwa
|
bungebonwe
|
—
|
bungebonwe
|
Class 15
|
kungabonwa
|
—
|
kungabonwa
|
kungebonwe
|
—
|
kungebonwe
|
Class 17
|
kungabonwa
|
—
|
kungabonwa
|
kungebonwe
|
—
|
kungebonwe
|
|
Immediate future
|
|
Positive absolute
|
Positive relative
|
Positive participial
|
Negative absolute
|
Negative relative
|
Negative participial
|
1st singular
|
ngizobonwa
|
engizobonwa
|
ngizobonwa
|
angizubonwa
|
engingezubonwa
|
ngingezubonwa
|
2nd singular
|
uzobonwa
|
ozobonwa
|
uzobonwa
|
awuzubonwa
|
ongezubonwa
|
ungezubonwa
|
1st plural
|
sizobonwa
|
esizobonwa
|
sizobonwa
|
asizubonwa
|
esingezubonwa
|
singezubonwa
|
2nd plural
|
nizobonwa
|
enizobonwa
|
nizobonwa
|
anizubonwa
|
eningezubonwa
|
ningezubonwa
|
Class 1
|
uzobonwa
|
ozobonwa
|
ezobonwa
|
akazubonwa
|
ongezubonwa
|
engezubonwa
|
Class 2
|
bazobonwa
|
abazobonwa
|
bezobonwa
|
abazubonwa
|
abangezubonwa
|
bengezubonwa
|
Class 3
|
uzobonwa
|
ozobonwa
|
uzobonwa
|
awuzubonwa
|
ongezubonwa
|
ungezubonwa
|
Class 4
|
izobonwa
|
ezobonwa
|
izobonwa
|
ayizubonwa
|
engezubonwa
|
ingezubonwa
|
Class 5
|
lizobonwa
|
elizobonwa
|
lizobonwa
|
alizubonwa
|
elingezubonwa
|
lingezubonwa
|
Class 6
|
azobonwa
|
azobonwa
|
ezobonwa
|
awazubonwa
|
angezubonwa
|
engezubonwa
|
Class 7
|
sizobonwa
|
esizobonwa
|
sizobonwa
|
asizubonwa
|
esingezubonwa
|
singezubonwa
|
Class 8
|
zizobonwa
|
ezizobonwa
|
zizobonwa
|
azizubonwa
|
ezingezubonwa
|
zingezubonwa
|
Class 9
|
izobonwa
|
ezobonwa
|
izobonwa
|
ayizubonwa
|
engezubonwa
|
ingezubonwa
|
Class 10
|
zizobonwa
|
ezizobonwa
|
zizobonwa
|
azizubonwa
|
ezingezubonwa
|
zingezubonwa
|
Class 11
|
luzobonwa
|
oluzobonwa
|
luzobonwa
|
aluzubonwa
|
olungezubonwa
|
lungezubonwa
|
Class 14
|
buzobonwa
|
obuzobonwa
|
buzobonwa
|
abuzubonwa
|
obungezubonwa
|
bungezubonwa
|
Class 15
|
kuzobonwa
|
okuzobonwa
|
kuzobonwa
|
akuzubonwa
|
okungezubonwa
|
kungezubonwa
|
Class 17
|
kuzobonwa
|
okuzobonwa
|
kuzobonwa
|
akuzubonwa
|
okungezubonwa
|
kungezubonwa
|
|
Remote future
|
|
Positive absolute
|
Positive relative
|
Positive participial
|
Negative absolute
|
Negative relative
|
Negative participial
|
1st singular
|
ngiyobonwa
|
engiyobonwa
|
ngiyobonwa
|
angiyubonwa
|
engingeyubonwa
|
ngingeyubonwa
|
2nd singular
|
uyobonwa
|
oyobonwa
|
uyobonwa
|
awuyubonwa
|
ongeyubonwa
|
ungeyubonwa
|
1st plural
|
siyobonwa
|
esiyobonwa
|
siyobonwa
|
asiyubonwa
|
esingeyubonwa
|
singeyubonwa
|
2nd plural
|
niyobonwa
|
eniyobonwa
|
niyobonwa
|
aniyubonwa
|
eningeyubonwa
|
ningeyubonwa
|
Class 1
|
uyobonwa
|
oyobonwa
|
eyobonwa
|
akayubonwa
|
ongeyubonwa
|
engeyubonwa
|
Class 2
|
bayobonwa
|
abayobonwa
|
beyobonwa
|
abayubonwa
|
abangeyubonwa
|
bengeyubonwa
|
Class 3
|
uyobonwa
|
oyobonwa
|
uyobonwa
|
awuyubonwa
|
ongeyubonwa
|
ungeyubonwa
|
Class 4
|
iyobonwa
|
eyobonwa
|
iyobonwa
|
ayiyubonwa
|
engeyubonwa
|
ingeyubonwa
|
Class 5
|
liyobonwa
|
eliyobonwa
|
liyobonwa
|
aliyubonwa
|
elingeyubonwa
|
lingeyubonwa
|
Class 6
|
ayobonwa
|
ayobonwa
|
eyobonwa
|
awayubonwa
|
angeyubonwa
|
engeyubonwa
|
Class 7
|
siyobonwa
|
esiyobonwa
|
siyobonwa
|
asiyubonwa
|
esingeyubonwa
|
singeyubonwa
|
Class 8
|
ziyobonwa
|
eziyobonwa
|
ziyobonwa
|
aziyubonwa
|
ezingeyubonwa
|
zingeyubonwa
|
Class 9
|
iyobonwa
|
eyobonwa
|
iyobonwa
|
ayiyubonwa
|
engeyubonwa
|
ingeyubonwa
|
Class 10
|
ziyobonwa
|
eziyobonwa
|
ziyobonwa
|
aziyubonwa
|
ezingeyubonwa
|
zingeyubonwa
|
Class 11
|
luyobonwa
|
oluyobonwa
|
luyobonwa
|
aluyubonwa
|
olungeyubonwa
|
lungeyubonwa
|
Class 14
|
buyobonwa
|
obuyobonwa
|
buyobonwa
|
abuyubonwa
|
obungeyubonwa
|
bungeyubonwa
|
Class 15
|
kuyobonwa
|
okuyobonwa
|
kuyobonwa
|
akuyubonwa
|
okungeyubonwa
|
kungeyubonwa
|
Class 17
|
kuyobonwa
|
okuyobonwa
|
kuyobonwa
|
akuyubonwa
|
okungeyubonwa
|
kungeyubonwa
|
|
Present subjunctive
|
|
Positive
|
Negative
|
1st singular
|
ngibonwe
|
ngingabonwa
|
2nd singular
|
ubonwe
|
ungabonwa
|
1st plural
|
sibonwe
|
singabonwa
|
2nd plural
|
nibonwe
|
ningabonwa
|
Class 1
|
abonwe
|
angabonwa
|
Class 2
|
babonwe
|
bangabonwa
|
Class 3
|
ubonwe
|
ungabonwa
|
Class 4
|
ibonwe
|
ingabonwa
|
Class 5
|
libonwe
|
lingabonwa
|
Class 6
|
abonwe
|
angabonwa
|
Class 7
|
sibonwe
|
singabonwa
|
Class 8
|
zibonwe
|
zingabonwa
|
Class 9
|
ibonwe
|
ingabonwa
|
Class 10
|
zibonwe
|
zingabonwa
|
Class 11
|
lubonwe
|
lungabonwa
|
Class 14
|
bubonwe
|
bungabonwa
|
Class 15
|
kubonwe
|
kungabonwa
|
Class 17
|
kubonwe
|
kungabonwa
|
|
Past subjunctive
|
|
Positive
|
Negative
|
1st singular
|
ngabonwa
|
ngangabonwa, angabonwa, angangabonwa
|
2nd singular
|
wabonwa
|
wangabonwa, awabonwa, awangabonwa
|
1st plural
|
sabonwa
|
sangabonwa, asabonwa, asangabonwa
|
2nd plural
|
nabonwa
|
nangabonwa, anabonwa, anangabonwa
|
Class 1
|
wabonwa
|
wangabonwa, akabonwa, akangabonwa
|
Class 2
|
babonwa
|
bangabonwa, ababonwa, abangabonwa
|
Class 3
|
wabonwa
|
wangabonwa, awabonwa, awangabonwa
|
Class 4
|
yabonwa
|
yangabonwa, ayabonwa, ayangabonwa
|
Class 5
|
labonwa
|
langabonwa, alabonwa, alangabonwa
|
Class 6
|
abonwa
|
angabonwa, awabonwa, awangabonwa
|
Class 7
|
sabonwa
|
sangabonwa, asabonwa, asangabonwa
|
Class 8
|
zabonwa
|
zangabonwa, azabonwa, azangabonwa
|
Class 9
|
yabonwa
|
yangabonwa, ayabonwa, ayangabonwa
|
Class 10
|
zabonwa
|
zangabonwa, azabonwa, azangabonwa
|
Class 11
|
lwabonwa
|
lwangabonwa, alwabonwa, alwangabonwa
|
Class 14
|
babonwa
|
bangabonwa, ababonwa, abangabonwa
|
Class 15
|
kwabonwa
|
kwangabonwa, akwabonwa, akwangabonwa
|
Class 17
|
kwabonwa
|
kwangabonwa, akwabonwa, akwangabonwa
|