brwydro

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Welsh

Etymology

From brwydr (“battle”) +‎ -o.

Pronunciation

Verb

brwydro (first-person singular present brwydraf)

  1. (intransitive) to battle, to fight
    Synonyms: ymladd, rhyfela

Conjugation

Conjugation (literary)
singular plural impersonal
first second third first second third
present indicative/future brwydraf brwydri brwydra brwydrwn brwydrwch brwydrant brwydrir
imperfect (indicative/subjunctive)/
conditional 		brwydrwn brwydrit brwydrai brwydrem brwydrech brwydrent brwydrid
preterite brwydrais brwydraist brwydrodd brwydrasom brwydrasoch brwydrasant brwydrwyd
pluperfect brwydraswn brwydrasit brwydrasai brwydrasem brwydrasech brwydrasent brwydrasid, brwydresid
present subjunctive brwydrwyf brwydrych brwydro brwydrom brwydroch brwydront brwydrer
imperative — brwydra brwydred brwydrwn brwydrwch brwydrent brwydrer
verbal noun brwydro
verbal adjectives brwydredig
brwydradwy
Conjugation (colloquial)
Inflected colloquial forms singular plural
first second third first second third
future brwydra i, brwydraf i brwydri di brwydrith o/e/hi, brwydriff e/hi brwydrwn ni brwydrwch chi brwydran nhw
conditional brwydrwn i, brwydrswn i brwydret ti, brwydrset ti brwydrai fo/fe/hi, brwydrsai fo/fe/hi brwydren ni, brwydrsen ni brwydrech chi, brwydrsech chi brwydren nhw, brwydrsen nhw
preterite brwydrais i, brwydres i brwydraist ti, brwydrest ti brwydrodd o/e/hi brwydron ni brwydroch chi brwydron nhw
imperative — brwydra — — brwydrwch —
Note: All other forms are periphrastic, as usual in colloquial Welsh.

Derived terms

Mutation

Welsh mutation
radical soft nasal aspirate
brwydro frwydro mrwydro unchanged
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Further reading

  • R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “brwydro”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies
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