Borrowed from a Turkic language before the times of the Hungarian conquest of the Carpathian Basin (at the turn of the 9th and 10th centuries). Compare Bashkir батыр (batır), Turkish bahadır, batur (“brave, hero”).
The sense although was split from the original sense, perhaps shortened from its inflected forms bátoron or bátran. First it probably had a permissive meaning: Bátoron (hadd) jöjjön! (“Let him/her come!”). Later an optative sense developed: Ó, bátoron jönne! (“Wish he/she would be brave to come!”), on the other hand it became a restrictive conjunction: Megjött, bátor késve. (“He/she arrived, although late.”) In all these functions it was superseded by its shortened form bár.[1]
bátor (comparative bátrabb, superlative legbátrabb)
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | bátor | bátrak |
| accusative | bátrat | bátrakat |
| dative | bátornak | bátraknak |
| instrumental | bátorral | bátrakkal |
| causal-final | bátorért | bátrakért |
| translative | bátorrá | bátrakká |
| terminative | bátorig | bátrakig |
| essive-formal | bátorként | bátrakként |
| essive-modal | — | — |
| inessive | bátorban | bátrakban |
| superessive | bátoron | bátrakon |
| adessive | bátornál | bátraknál |
| illative | bátorba | bátrakba |
| sublative | bátorra | bátrakra |
| allative | bátorhoz | bátrakhoz |
| elative | bátorból | bátrakból |
| delative | bátorról | bátrakról |
| ablative | bátortól | bátraktól |
| non-attributive possessive – singular |
bátoré | bátraké |
| non-attributive possessive – plural |
bátoréi | bátrakéi |
(Expressions):
bátor
| possessor | single possession | multiple possessions |
|---|---|---|
| 1st person sing. | bátram | — |
| 2nd person sing. | bátrad | — |
| 3rd person sing. | bátra | — |
| 1st person plural | bátrunk | — |
| 2nd person plural | bátratok | — |
| 3rd person plural | bátruk | — |
bátor