cơ sở hạ tầng
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Vietnamese
Etymology
cơ sở (“foundation; base; basis”) + 下 (hạ, “lower; below”) + tầng (“level”).
Pronunciation
Noun
Synonyms
- (infrastructure): hạ tầng cơ sở
Translation notes
In Vietnamese translations of writings by Marx, Engels, & subsequent Marxist authors, the concept "base ~ basis ~ foundation" is often translated as "cơ sở"; e.g. "Lời Tựa" of Marx's Góp phần phê phán khoa kinh tế chính trị, "Phần Mở Đầu ― I. Nhận Xét Chung" of Engels's Chống Đuy-rinh or Chapter I of Lenin's Ba nguồn gốc và ba bộ phận cấu thành của chủ nghỉa Mác, etc.