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Latin
Etymology
Military term, traditionally referred to Sanskrit शाक (śā́ka, “helper, aide, friend”). Or, possibly an Etruscan borrowing.[1]
Noun
cacula m (genitive caculae); first declension
- (military) servant, batman, orderly, military drudge
c. 195 BCE,
Plautus,
Trinummus 718–724:
- Quid ego nunc agam,
nisi uti sarcinam constringam et clupeum ad dorsum accomodem,
fulmentas iubeam suppingi soccis? Non sisti potest.
Video caculam militarem me futurum hau longius:
Atque aliquem ad regem in saginam si eru’ se coniexit meus,
credo ad summos bellatores acrem – fugitorem fore
et capturum spolia ibi illum qui meo ero advorsus venerit.- What do I do now, if not to pack my knapsack, fit my shield on my back, and let fasten the heels under the shoes? It cannot be stopped.
I see myself as a military drudge in a future not far:
My master stepping into the service and nourishment of some king, I believe that with the mightiest warriors he will be the foremost in retreat
And will seize spoils where someone shall come against my master.
Declension
First-declension noun.
Derived terms
References
- “cacula”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- cacula in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
- cacula in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
- Ernout, Alfred, Meillet, Antoine (1985) “cacula”, in Dictionnaire étymologique de la langue latine: histoire des mots (in French), 4th edition, with additions and corrections of Jacques André, Paris: Klincksieck, published 2001, page 81
- ^ Classica Et Mediaevalia. (1945). United States: Librairie Gyldendal, p. 201