controuver

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French

FWOTD – 24 January 2022

Etymology

Inherited from Old French controver (whence also English contrive). Equivalent to con- +‎ trouver.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /kɔ̃.tʁu.ve/
  • Audio:(file)

Verb

controuver

  1. (rare, literary) to contrive
    • 1630 June 2, C. de Nielles, letter to J. Wtenbogaert.
      Lesquels ils ne scavent honnir qu’avec l’ordure de leurs mensonges, qu’ils amassent par tout ou ils peuvent, ou les controuvent du venin de leur coeur, dequoy ils sont farcis.
      On whom they know not how to cast blame but with the filth of their lies, which they amass wheresoever they can, or contrive them out of the venom of their heart, with which they are filled.

Conjugation

Conjugation of controuver (see also Appendix:French verbs)
infinitive simple controuver
compound avoir + past participle
present participle or gerund1 simple controuvant
/kɔ̃.tʁu.vɑ̃/
compound ayant + past participle
past participle controuvé
/kɔ̃.tʁu.ve/
singular plural
first second third first second third
indicative je (j’) tu il, elle, on nous vous ils, elles
(simple
tenses) 		present controuve
/kɔ̃.tʁuv/ 		controuves
/kɔ̃.tʁuv/ 		controuve
/kɔ̃.tʁuv/ 		controuvons
/kɔ̃.tʁu.vɔ̃/ 		controuvez
/kɔ̃.tʁu.ve/ 		controuvent
/kɔ̃.tʁuv/
imperfect controuvais
/kɔ̃.tʁu.vɛ/ 		controuvais
/kɔ̃.tʁu.vɛ/ 		controuvait
/kɔ̃.tʁu.vɛ/ 		controuvions
/kɔ̃.tʁu.vjɔ̃/ 		controuviez
/kɔ̃.tʁu.vje/ 		controuvaient
/kɔ̃.tʁu.vɛ/
past historic2 controuvai
/kɔ̃.tʁu.ve/ 		controuvas
/kɔ̃.tʁu.va/ 		controuva
/kɔ̃.tʁu.va/ 		controuvâmes
/kɔ̃.tʁu.vam/ 		controuvâtes
/kɔ̃.tʁu.vat/ 		controuvèrent
/kɔ̃.tʁu.vɛʁ/
future controuverai
/kɔ̃.tʁu.vʁe/ 		controuveras
/kɔ̃.tʁu.vʁa/ 		controuvera
/kɔ̃.tʁu.vʁa/ 		controuverons
/kɔ̃.tʁu.vʁɔ̃/ 		controuverez
/kɔ̃.tʁu.vʁe/ 		controuveront
/kɔ̃.tʁu.vʁɔ̃/
conditional controuverais
/kɔ̃.tʁu.vʁɛ/ 		controuverais
/kɔ̃.tʁu.vʁɛ/ 		controuverait
/kɔ̃.tʁu.vʁɛ/ 		controuverions
/kɔ̃.tʁu.və.ʁjɔ̃/ 		controuveriez
/kɔ̃.tʁu.və.ʁje/ 		controuveraient
/kɔ̃.tʁu.vʁɛ/
(compound
tenses) 		present perfect present indicative of avoir + past participle
pluperfect imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle
past anterior2 past historic of avoir + past participle
future perfect future of avoir + past participle
conditional perfect conditional of avoir + past participle
subjunctive que je (j’) que tu qu’il, qu’elle que nous que vous qu’ils, qu’elles
(simple
tenses) 		present controuve
/kɔ̃.tʁuv/ 		controuves
/kɔ̃.tʁuv/ 		controuve
/kɔ̃.tʁuv/ 		controuvions
/kɔ̃.tʁu.vjɔ̃/ 		controuviez
/kɔ̃.tʁu.vje/ 		controuvent
/kɔ̃.tʁuv/
imperfect2 controuvasse
/kɔ̃.tʁu.vas/ 		controuvasses
/kɔ̃.tʁu.vas/ 		controuvât
/kɔ̃.tʁu.va/ 		controuvassions
/kɔ̃.tʁu.va.sjɔ̃/ 		controuvassiez
/kɔ̃.tʁu.va.sje/ 		controuvassent
/kɔ̃.tʁu.vas/
(compound
tenses) 		past present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
pluperfect2 imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative – tu – nous vous –
simple — controuve
/kɔ̃.tʁuv/ 		— controuvons
/kɔ̃.tʁu.vɔ̃/ 		controuvez
/kɔ̃.tʁu.ve/ 		—
compound — simple imperative of avoir + past participle — simple imperative of avoir + past participle simple imperative of avoir + past participle —
1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en.
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
  • past historic → present perfect
  • past anterior → pluperfect
  • imperfect subjunctive → present subjunctive
  • pluperfect subjunctive → past subjunctive

(Christopher Kendris , Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81).

Further reading

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